Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version in Offenders With Axis I Disorders.

One hundred forty-nine inpatients within a maximum security psychiatric facility were assessed with the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV; S. D. Hart, D. N. Cox, & R. D. Hare, 1995). Within the total sample, 68% had a psychotic disorder and 30% met criteria for psychopathy. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the authors tested the 2-factor PCL:SV model of psychopathy and recent 3- and 4-factor models. Results indicated good fit for each model, with the 4-factor model showing best overall fit. Structural equation modeling was used to determine which psychopathy factors predicted 6-month follow-up of inpatient aggression. The 2-, 3-, and 4-factor models, respectively, accounted for 16%.27%. and 3l% of the variance in aggression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The influence of synthesis conditions on the crystal and aggregate properties of calcium salt azo pigment CI Pigment Red 48:2

The influence of pH and heating time at 80 °C on the final stage (conversion to the calcium salt) of the formation of the metal salt azo pigment, CI Pigment Red 48:2, has been investigated. A series of systematically prepared pigment samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, surface area measurement and a detailed nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm investigation. Significant differences in the crystal sizes and morphologies and in the crystal growth patterns were observed. The colour and lightfastness properties in air-drying alkyd paints are correlated with the physical property data.     

The Role of α1-Adrenoceptor Antagonists in the Treatment of Prostate and Other Cancers

This review evaluates the role of α-adrenoceptor antagonists as a potential treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). Cochrane, Google Scholar and Pubmed were accessed to retrieve sixty-two articles for analysis. In vitro studies demonstrate that doxazosin, prazosin and terazosin (quinazoline α-antagonists) induce apoptosis, decrease cell growth, and proliferation in PC-3, LNCaP and DU-145 cell lines. Similarly, the piperazine based naftopidil induced cell cycle arrest and death in LNCaP-E9 cell lines. In contrast, sulphonamide based tamsulosin did not exhibit these effects. In vivo data was consistent with in vitro findings as the quinazoline based α-antagonists prevented angiogenesis and decreased tumour mass in mice models of PCa. Mechanistically the cytotoxic and antitumor effects of the α-antagonists appear largely independent of α 1-blockade. The proposed targets include: VEGF, EGFR, HER2/Neu, caspase 8/3, topoisomerase 1 and other mitochondrial apoptotic inducing factors. These cytotoxic effects could not be evaluated in human studies as prospective trial data is lacking. However, retrospective studies show a decreased incidence of PCa in males exposed to α-antagonists. As human data evaluating the use of α-antagonists as treatments are lacking; well designed, prospective clinical trials are needed to conclusively demonstrate the anticancer properties of quinazoline based α-antagonists in PCa and other cancers.     

Treatment of Acid Leachate from Coal Discard using Calcium Carbonate and Biological Sulphate Removal

Abstract.   An integrated approach is proposed for treating acidic coal discard leachate, consisting of CaCO₃ handling and dosing, CaCO₃-neutralization, and biological sulphate removal. It was found that: powdered CaCO₃ can be slurried to a constant density and used to neutralize the acid water, remove Fe (II), Fe (III), and Al, and partially remove the sulphate (to saturation level); biological sulphate removal can be used to lower the sulphate to less than 200 mg/L using ethanol as the carbon and energy source; CO₂ produced during calcium carbonate treatment can be used for H₂S-stripping and; H₂S gas recovered in the sulphate removal stage can be used for iron removal.     

The crystal structures of three azonaphtharylamide pigments

The single crystal X-ray structures of three structurally related azonaphtharylamide pigments are reported. Two azo pigments derived from 4-amino-3-nitrotoluene as diazo component (1a and b) crystallize in the centrosymmetric space group P2₁/c while the third (1c), an analogue of 1b but derived from 2,5-dichloroaniline as diazo component, crystallizes in the chiral space group P2₁2₁2₁. The compounds adopt the ketohydrazone tautomeric forms with intramolecular, but no intermolecular, hydrogen bonding. The application performance of the products is discussed in relation to the molecular and crystal structures. X-ray powder diffraction, supported by FTIR spectroscopic and DSC analysis, demonstrate that pigment 1a shows polymorphism. The application performances of the two polymorphs of this pigment are compared.     

Field Assessment of the Performance of a Ballasted Rail Track with and without Geosynthetics

Understanding the complex mechanisms of stress transfer and strain accumulation in layers of track substructure under repeated wheel loading is essential to predict the desirable track maintenance cycle as well as the design of the new track. Various finite element and analytical techniques have been developed in the past to understand the behavior of composite track layers subjected to repeated wheel loads. The mechanical behavior of ballast is influenced by several factors, including the track confining pressure, type of aggregates, and the number of loading cycles. A field trial was conducted on an instrumented track at Bulli, New South Wales, Australia, with the specific aims of studying the benefits of a geocomposite installed at the ballast-capping interface, and to evaluate the performance of moderately graded recycled ballast in comparison to traditionally very uniform fresh ballast. It was found that recycled ballast can be effectively reused if reinforced with a geocomposite. It was also found that geocomposite can effectively reduce vertical and lateral strains of the ballast with obvious implications for improved track stability and reduced maintenance costs.     

A singleton failures semantics for Communicating Sequential Processes

This paper defines a new denotational semantics for the language of Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP). The semantics lies between the existing traces and failures models of CSP, providing a treatment of non-determinism in terms of singleton failures. Although the semantics does not represent a congruence upon the full language, it is adequate for sequential tests of non-deterministic processes. This semantics corresponds exactly to a commonly used notion of data refinement in Z and Object-Z: an abstract data type is refined when the corresponding process is refined in terms of singleton failures. The semantics is used to explore the relationship between data refinement and process refinement, and to derive a rule for data refinement that is both sound and complete. Received October 2001 Revised September 2002, February 2003, June 2004 and October 2005 Accepted November 2005 by I. J. Hayes     

A comparison of refinement orderings and their associated simulation rules

In this paper we compare the refinement orderings, and their associated simulation rules, of state-based specification languages such as Z and Object-Z with the refinement orderings of event-based specification languages such as CSP. We prove with a simple counter-example that data refinement, established using the standard simulation rules for Z, does not imply failures refinement in CSP. This contradicts accepted results.Having explored the differences between the simulation rules for establishing data refinement and those for establishing the refinement of action systems and state-transition systems—models in which refinement is equivalent to failures refinement within CSP—we present a new set of simulation rules for data types. These alternative rules are both sound and jointly complete with respect to the stable failures refinement ordering. Furthermore we present an alternative refinement ordering for CSP, one in which refinement is equivalent to data refinement in Z.     

Cardiothoracic ratio and relative heart volume as predictors of coronary heart disease mortality. The Whitehall study 25 year follow-up

Searching for an in vitro model for somatic hypermutation, we have identified an IgM-expressing Burkitt lymphoma line that constitutively diversifies its immunoglobulin V domain at high rate during culture. As in in vivo, the mutations are largely nucleotide substitutions with the pattern of substitutions revealing a component of the human hypermutation program that is preferentially targeted to G/C residues. The substitutions frequently create stop codons with IgM-loss variants also being generated by V domain-specific deletions and duplications. However, in transfectants expressing terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, many IgM-loss variants additionally arise through short nontemplated nucleotide insertions into the V (but not C) domain. Thus, antibody hypermutation is likely accompanied by DNA strand breaks scattered within the mutation domain.     

Assessing the evidence for novel popout.

Between 1990 and 1994, Johnston and colleagues (K. J. Hawley, W.A. Johnston, & J.M. Farnham, see record 1994-35960-001); W. A. Johnston, K. J. Hawley, J. M. Farnham, 1993; W. A. Johnston, K. J. Hawley, S. H. Plewe, J. M. G. Elliott, & M. I. DeWitt, 1990) published 3 articles on a phenomenon they designated "novel popout." The typical interpretation of their findings is that a novel item rapidly and automatically attracts attention when displayed with familiar ones. J. Christie and R. Klein first show that the empirical pattern on which this claim is based can be easily explained in terms of a simple cognitive-load principle and note that effects not subject to this principle (or probability confounds) are rare in the target articles. We then show that these latter effects can be easily explained without assuming visual orienting toward the novel item. Finally, we outline 2 criteria that must be satisfied in order to make claims about the rapid orienting of attention in arrays with familiar and unfamiliar items, neither of which were met in any of the reviewed experiments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)