山阳县色河铺镇防洪工程探析

堤防断面形式对防止河道冲刷影响较大.为了确保山阳县色河铺镇安全,本文分析了色河镇防洪现状及存在问题,对河道特性和演变情况进行了探讨,对堤防断面形式进行了比选,提出采用仰斜式浆砌石挡土墙建设方案较经济安全,并对其稳定性、抗滑性进行了分析,为秦岭山区中小河流堤防建设提供参考.     

风力-水力联合电站日运行的优化

建议应用水库蓄水提高风力电站的经济效益,减少由风力资源间断性引起的有功功率输出波动。如果可得到风电预报,推荐采用以小时离散的优化算法,以确定风轮机和水力发电抽水设备所采用的日优化运行策略。该方法利用了风电的随机特性,以确定所推荐的运行条件的包络线。分析了3种运行条件,介绍了所获得的成果,并进行了讨论。     

末段糖膏连续分蜜的特点研究

法国及其他国家的糖厂都采用连续离心法处理末段糖膏。连续分蜜机比间断自动分蜜机经济许多,此外还有其他优点:制造简单,动力消耗低,维修费用低,即使糖膏品粒不匀,生产出的红糖质量良好。但是其缺点是提高了废蜜纯度一、二度,有时更高些。这个缺点不可忽视,例如日出理5000     

鋁-鎂合金的鈉脆性

高镁铝镁合金的热加工性能会因微量钠(0.001％)的存在而受到严重损害。研究了有关的组成因素,结果表明,这种合金因其中存在元素状态的钠而极易发生脆化。随着镁含量的增大,产生了Al—Si—Na三元化合物和溶解镁的相变。这种相变可用下式表示:     

合理改进压力筛内部结构,提升设备运行效率

昆山钞票纸厂抄二车间有3台20世纪50~60年代从法国进口的压力筛,由于设备运行时间久远,其使用效率已逐渐降低,故障发生率较高,基本上1~2个月需维修1次。压力筛发生的故障主要是顶部的密封不好,导致漏水漏浆进而影响顶部轴承的使用寿命;其次是底部轴承经常性损坏。经过对故障产生原因的分析,对这2部分结构进行了技术改造,改造后的压力筛运行周期明显延长,一年只维修1~2次,大大提高我厂生产效率。     

How to bring orphan genes into functional families

In the framework of the B1 Consortium of the EUROFAN-1 project, we set up a series of simple phenotypic tests that can be performed on a large number of strains at a time. This methodological approach was intended to help assign functions of putative genes coding for unknown proteins to several specific aspects of cell biology. The tests were chosen to study phenotypes which should be affected by numerous genes. In this report, we examined the sensitivity/resistance or the adaptation of the cell to physical or chemical stresses (thermotolerance, osmotolerance and ethanol sensitivity), the effects of the alteration of the level of protein phosphorylation (sensitivity or resistance to compounds affecting the activity of protein kinases or phosphatases) and the effects of compounds interfering with synthesis of nucleic acids or proteins. Deletions in 66 genes of unknown function have been tested in 21 different conditions. In many deletant strains, phenotypes were observed and, for the most promising candidates, tetrad analysis was performed in order to verify co-segregation of the deletion marker with the phenotype.     

International cigarette labelling practices

DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Members of GLOBALink (), an Internet listserve for tobacco activists with members in 56 countries, who were asked to provide specific information on cigarette warning requirements in their countries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence of specific warning labels, overall content score (based on a 0-10 scale with a point for each specific warning mentioned), size of warning label, location of warning label. RESULTS: Forty-five countries (80%) responded; 40 had mandatory labelling requirements, three had voluntary agreements with the industry and two had no requirements. In general, American companies did no more in foreign countries than required by local law. The average developing country content score was 1.6, compared with 5.0 in developed countries (p = 0.0003). Forty-two per cent of countries either had no warning requirement or had only a very general health warning. The most common warning was for heart disease (49% of countries) and the least common was for addiction (14%). All warnings were more common in developed than developing countries. Warnings in developed country were on average 27% larger than those in developing countries (p = 0.325). Seventy-three per cent of labels in developing countries appeared only on the side of the pack, whereas 78% of labels in developed countries appeared on the front and back (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: In almost every respect measured, residents in developing countries are receiving inferior information about the hazards of smoking than residents of developed countries. Laws should be promulgated in importing and exporting countries to ensure that, where their labelling laws differ, companies would be required to provide the more comprehensive labelling.