求解风力发电机布局问题的超启发式算法研究

针对大规模问题求解效率不高、结果不理想等问题,以影响参数多变的风力发电机布局问题为研究对象,设计并实现了超启发式算法策略,底层算子用差分进化（Differential Evolution,DE）算法和适应性协方差策略（Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy,CMA-ES）算法,高层策略用启发式调用策略选择底层算子求解在不同场景、不同风力参数等多种情况下的风力发电机布局情况。实验将权值选择策略与DE算法、CMA-ES算法和随机调度策略进行比较,最终数据表明该策略求解风力发电布局的效果远高于其他三种。     

深水J形首端PLET 安装分析

基于南海陵水17-2深水油气田开发,针对J形首端海底管道终端（Pipeline End Termination,PLET）安装,采用OrcaFlex软件开展数值模拟,研究波流载荷对安装系统的影响,以得到其作业窗口,并分析J形首端PLET安装过程中作业窗口的影响因素。结果表明,PLET在飞溅区和预着陆阶段比较危险,波浪周期约10 s波流同向横浪是安装作业的控制工况。研究内容为南海陵水17-2海底管道J形首端PLET安装提供了重要的技术支持。     

冲击激励式压电俘能器的接口电路设计

设计了一种自供能同步非对称电压翻转及电荷提取电路(SP-SAFCE),其在压电俘能器电压正峰值完全翻转,在负峰值将能量完全提取,结合了并联同步开关电感电路和同步电荷提取电路的特点。相比于传统的压电接口电路,SP-SAFCE具有自供能的峰值检测模块和开关、无整流桥、无需阻抗匹配等优势。在拨动频率和磁铁间距离变化条件下进行对比实验,实验表明,在相同冲击激励下,SP-SAFCE电路的工作电压比同步电荷提取电路低0.8 V,输出功率约为同步电荷提取电路的1.15倍,适合作为冲击激励式压电俘能器的接口电路。     

Pt掺杂SnO2花状纳米结构的合成及其气敏性能的研究

用原位掺杂法制备了Pt/SnO2花状纳米结构.通过控制反应源物中n(Pt4+)/n(Sn4+)比率,可以获得不同Pt掺杂量的复合纳米结构.采用SEM、XRD、TEM和Raman光谱对样品的形貌、结构等进行了分析,并测试了材料的NH3气体敏感性能.结果表明,Pt掺杂的SnO2纳米花大小约为2μm,由平均直径为180nm,...     

多孔PZT95/5铁电陶瓷的机械性能和铁电性能研究

采用添加造孔剂的方法制备多孔锆钛酸铅(PZT95/5)铁电陶瓷, 研究了孔结构包括孔隙率、孔径及孔形状对多孔PZT95/5陶瓷机械性能和电性能的影响及机理, 并揭示多孔PZT95/5陶瓷微观结构、机械性能和铁电性能的内在联系。研究表明: 孔隙率的增加降低了多孔PZT95/5陶瓷的声阻抗, 改善了陶瓷与封装材料的声阻抗匹配. 孔隙率增加, 多孔PZT95/5陶瓷的屈服应力和剩余极化强度降低, 矫顽场强增大。孔结构对多孔PZT95/5陶瓷屈服应力的影响可由应力集中理论解释; 多孔PZT95/5陶瓷剩余极化强度随孔结构的变化可用内应力结合空间电荷理论加以解释。     

浅议测试实验室仪器设备的校准工作

仪器设备非常重要，其准确度对测试结果有直接的影响。ISO17025标准(下简称标准)5．5就是专门针对设备管理的，它以如何保证仪器设备的准确度为主线提出了对仪器设备的操作、维护、校准和管理等要求。而校准又是这些要求中的重中之重。在标准的其它内容也提出了对仪器设备的校准要求。测试实验室应该做好下面八项工作，以满足标准对校准工作的要求。     

Preparation and thermophysical properties of nano-sized Ln2Zr2O7 (Ln?=?La, Nd, Sm, and Gd) ceramics with pyrochlore structure

Rare earth zirconates (Ln₂Zr₂O₇, Ln = La, Nd, Sm, and Gd) with pyrochlore structure were prepared by hydrothermal method with polyethylene glycol as surfactant. X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy were utilized to characterize the phase structure, thermal decomposition, and morphology of the products. Qualitative analysis indicates that the as-prepared zirconates are pyrochlore-type structures. The specific surface area, lattice parameter, and average crystallite size of the as-prepared products are closely related to the ionic radius. The activation energy of crystal growth shows an increasing trend with the decrease in ionic radii. The sintering behavior of compacted body was also investigated, revealing that the sintering-resistance properties of Ln₂Zr₂O₇ are descending as the order of La₂Zr₂O₇, Nd₂Zr₂O₇, Sm₂Zr₂O₇, and Gd₂Zr₂O₇.     

Effect of doping cobalt on the micro-morphology and electrochemical properties of birnessite MnO2

Birnessite-type MnO₂ nanoparticles are synthesized by mixing KMnO₄ solution directly with ethylene glycol under ambient conditions. When cobalt exists in the solution, the micro-morphology of the products transforms from conglomeration to dispersive state. The result of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) shows that the product is constructed with nanosphere in sizes of ca. 40 nm. These nanospheres are twisted by nanorods clusters. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows that the products are birnessite-type. The electrochemical properties of the prepared materials are studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge test in aqueous electrolyte. The product shows a very high specific capacity of 326.4 F g⁻¹. These results indicate that cobalt has great effects on the micro-morphology and electrochemical properties of manganese dioxide.     

富勒烯C60的制备研究Ⅰ最佳制备条件的确定

以石墨、煤基炭为原料,电弧法制备富勒烯。考察了富勒烯的最佳制备条件,并对电弧蒸发下富勒烯的形成机理进行了讨论。实验结果表明,在电弧法制备富勒烯的过程中,一个适宜的温度场分布对于提高富勒烯的产率是很重要的,在本实验条件下,富勒烯的最佳制备条件为：氦气压力Ｐ＝ ０．０１８ ＭＰａ～０．０２ ＭＰａ,直流电流强度Ｉ＝ ８０ Ａ～１００ Ａ。     

Self-assembly synthesis of cactuslike Cu2O 3D nanoarchitectures via a low-temperature solution approach

Cu₂O nanocactuses were synthesized via a simple, low-temperature, and no time-consuming wet chemical route. The synthesized products were systematically studied by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the formation of Cu₂O nanocactuses was strongly depended on the addition of CTAB and NaOH. The structural evolution of the cactuslike Cu₂O was found to follow dissolution and recrystallization processes. It is noteworthy that the stepwise synthetic procedure was crucial to the growth of the final nanoarchitectures. UV–vis spectrum was also used to estimate the absorption and photodegradation ability of the nanocactuses.