Efficiency of water for extraction of total nonstructural carbohydrates from plant tissue

Water extraction of grass and legume tissue did not remove all of the nonstructural carbohydrate. Most of the starches remained in the water-extracted residue, except in com and sorghum where the starch is largely water-soluble amylose.     

The Computation of Multi-Stage Attribute Sampling Plans

For multi-stage fraction-defective sampling by attributes, the current methods for determining sampling plans (1) restrict the range of values of some combination of the input parameters for determining such plans and (2) are generally based on the Poisson approximation to the binomial. This report describes the development of a computational algorithm which allows a continuous range of input parameter values and bases sampling plan computations on the binomial probability distribution. The computerized algorithm has been successfully implemented in an industrial firm and requires only a few seconds or less computer time per sampling plan, depending on the input parameters.     

"Accurate empathy" and the A-B dichotomy.

Compared B-type therapists with neurotic patients and A-type therapists with schizophrenic patients, with the opposite patient-therapist pairings for 2 criterion measures of "improvement" and a measure of "accurate empathy." 8 therapists were given the A-B scale and their sessions with a total of 31 patients recorded. Neither judged improvement nor length of hospitalization was significantly related to either high- vs. low-empathy ratings or to type of therapist-patient pairings. As predicted, however, B-type therapists with neurotic patients and A-type therapists with schizophrenic patients displayed more empathy than with the reverse pairings. Results indicate a relationship between the findings of 2 independent lines of research on therapy outcome, 1 basing outcome predictions on client-centered theoretical constructs, the other on the empirical value of the A-B scale. (16 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Growth and Structure of Combustion Aerosols: Fumed Silica

A model is presented for kinetic growth processes in flames, based on neutron, X-ray, and light-scattering data on commercial fumed silica powders. The model and data are consistent with the existence of fractally rough primary particles aggregated into highly ramified clusters. By mapping onto kinetic models, four processes are identified that determine the structure of the powders: kinetic nucleation, ballistic polymerization, sintering, and diffusion-limited aggregation.     

Benefits and Costs of Adopting Usage-Based Pricing in a Subnetwork

There has been a sustained argument in Internet community regarding the utility, feasibility, and sustainability of the usage-based Internet traffic pricing versus the attractiveness of non-usage-based pricing from consumer perspective. Using a simulated network of well defined services we investigate the benefits: (i) received by the system as a whole, and (ii) received by individuals and groups of customers, when part of the network has no-usage based pricing whereas the other part employs an economic usage based pricing. Our simulation results indicate that not only are the systemwide benefits enhanced by usage-based pricing, but also the users who lose out are precisely the people who should be denied access during the peak periods.     

The influence of leads on cognitive load and learning in a hypertext environment

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leads (or hypertext node previews) on cognitive load and learning. Leads provided a brief summary of information in the linked node, which helped orient the reader to the linked information. Dependent variables included measures of cognitive load: self-report of mental effort, reading time, and event-related desynchronization percentage of alpha, beta and theta brain wave rhythms; and learning performance: a recall task, and tests of domain and structural knowledge. Results indicated that use of leads reduced brain wave activity that may reflect split attention and extraneous cognitive load, and improved domain and structural knowledge acquisition. Further, findings provide insights into differentiating the types of cognitive load apparent in hypertext-assisted learning environments. Use of EEG measures allowed examination of instantaneous cognitive load, which showed that leads may be influencing germane load—reducing mental burden associated with creating coherence between two linked node. The self-report of mental effort measure appears more closely associated with overall and intrinsic load.     

Dynamic Rheology of Agar Gel Based Aqueous Binders

Dynamic rheology was used to study the gelation behavior of agar gel based aqueous binders (1–3 wt%) for powder injection molding. Typical gelation temperatures, T _gel, and liquefaction temperatures, T _liq, were 36° and 78°C, respectively. The thermal history of the gels was found to influence T _gel and the asymptotic storage modulus, G '. A higher degree of undercooling (Δ T = T _gel− T _hold) enhanced the driving force for gelation. G ' master curves were created and revealed a relatively weak frequency dependence. G ' increased significantly with agar content. The shape of the gel's relaxation spectrum was found to be independent of agar content, indicating that the nature of the relaxation processes does not change significantly.