Kinematic viscosity studies of the binary ethane- 1,2-diol/ n,n-dimethylformamide solvent system at various temperatures

Kinematic viscosity data (ν) are presented for ethane-1,2-diol, for N, N-dimethylformamide and for nine binary mixtures in the - 10°C to 80°C temperature range. The experimental data were fitted by several empirical relations such as Grunberg-Nissan (1949), McAllister (1960), Heric (1966), Lobe (1973), Auslander (1964) and polynomial equations. Some considerations regarding the meaning of the obtained adjustment parameters are made. Furthermore, a new best fit equation is proposed and its validity has been compared to that of the other relations on the basis of the reproducibility of the experimental data.     

The role of corn starch,amaranth flour,pea isolate,and Psyllium flour on the rheological properties and the ultrastructure of gluten-free doughs

The removal of gluten from bakery products, in order to produce foods (mainly based on gluten-free cereal flours and starch) for people with celiac disease, impairs dough’s capacity to properly develop during leavening and baking. The main aim of this research was to produce and evaluate some experimental gluten-free (GF) doughs containing different levels of corn starch, amaranth flour (to enhance the nutritional benefits), pea isolate (to increase the protein content) and Psyllium fiber (as thickening agent and fiber source) in order to study the influence of the different ingredients on the rheological properties and on the ultrastructure of the doughs. Psyllium fiber generally enhanced the physical properties of the doughs, due to the film-like structure that it was able to form, and the most complex among the experimental formulations looked promising in terms of final bread technological and nutritional quality even when compared to two different commercial GF mixtures.     

Bisorbicillinoids Produced by the Fungus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichoderma citrinoviride</Emphasis> Affect Feeding Preference of the Aphid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Schizaphis graminum</Emphasis>

We report the effects of some bisorbicillinoids isolated from biomass of the fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride on settling and feeding preference of the aphid Schizaphis graminum. Purification of the fungal metabolites was carried out by a combination of column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography using direct and reverse phases. Chemical identification was performed by spectroscopic methods including nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The identified bisorbicillinoids appeared to be bislongiquinolide, its 16,17-dihydro derivative, trichodimerol, and dihydrotrichodimerol. A feeding preference test with alate morphs of S. graminum was used to identify the active fractions. Among the four bisorbicillinoids, dihydrotrichodimerol and bislongiquinolide influenced aphid feeding preference, restraining specimens from settling on leaves treated with metabolites. Taste neurons sensitive to these compounds, particularly to bislongiquinolide, were located on tarsi of the S. graminum alate morphs.     

Ionic liquid effects on the reaction of β-enaminones and tert-butylhydrazine and applications for the synthesis of pyrazoles

In order to evaluate the effect of a series of 10 different ionic liquids ([BMIM][BF₄], [BMIM][Br], [OMIM][BF₄], [BMIM][PF₆], [DBMIM][Br], [DBMIM][BF₄], [BMIM][OH], [BMIM][SCN], [HMIM][HSO₄] and [HMIM][CF₃CO₂]) the cyclocondensation reaction between 4-dimethylamino-1-phenyl-3-alken-2-ones (RC(O)CHCHNMe₂, where R = Ph, 4-Me-Ph, 4-F-Ph, 4-Cl-Ph, 4-Br-Ph, 4-NO₂-Ph, thien-2-yl, fur-2-yl, pyrrol-2-yl, pyrid-2-yl, hexyl, dimethoxymethyl) and tert-butylhydrazine was performed. The effects of each ionic liquid are discussed and the best yields for the cyclocondensation reaction studied were obtained using [BMIM][BF₄].     

Cytotoxic Rhodium(III) and Iridium(III) Polypyridyl Complexes: Structure–Activity Relationships,Antileukemic Activity,and Apoptosis Induction

Whereas the cytostatic agents mer‐[RhX₃(DMSO)(pp)] (X=Cl, Br; pp=phen, dpq) are considerably more potent than their facial isomers, this order is reversed for the analogous kinetically more inert Ir^III polypyridyl complexes. The complexes induce specific apoptotic cell death in leukemia and lymphoma cells via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway and cause negligible necrotic damage.

     

Quantification of anhydrous ethanol and detection of adulterants in commercial Brazilian gasoline by Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy can be used to evaluate the quality of fuels in a remote, rapid, and nondestructive manner without the need for reagents. In this study, Raman was used to quantify anhydrous ethanol in commercial gasoline and to detect peaks due to compounds commonly used for the adulteration of commercial gasoline. Samples of commercial gasoline were collected from fuel stations in the region of Santos, SP, Brazil. Samples of naphtha from the refinery, pure ethanol, and ethanol diluted in distilled water at concentrations close to the range used in the gasoline were also obtained and characterized. Raman spectra were collected using a dispersive Raman spectrometer (830?nm, 2?cm^?1 resolution in the 400–1800?cm^?1 spectral range). As expected, the spectra of commercial gasoline showed pronounced peaks of naphtha and ethanol. By using the peak intensities of the ethanol diluted in water, the ethanol concentration was found to be in the range of 27%?±?1% in most of the samples; some samples presented ethanol concentrations as high as 28.8%, suggesting adulteration. Some samples presented peaks at 766, 798, and 995?cm^?1 with higher intensities, suggesting the presence of an adulterant with organic characteristics, such as solvents with aromatic rings. Raman spectroscopy has been shown to be effective in determining the adulteration of commercial gasoline, which may contribute to rapid quality control of fuels at the point of sale.