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941.
Enterotoxigenic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> strains bind bovine milk gangliosides in a ceramide-dependent process 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the main infectious disease of newborn calves. The first step of infection involves bacterial attachment to the
intestinal mucosa. This adhesion is mediated by fimbriae that recognize some glycoconjugates on the host cell surface, in
particular, several gangliosides. Because milk also contains gangliosides, these have been suggested to serve as ligands for
bacterial fimbriae and thus prevent the bacterial attachment to mucosa. The most relevant ETEC strains in calves, including
those with K99 and F41 fimbriae, were assayed to determine whether they are able to bind gangliosides isolated from several
stages of bovine lactation. Both GM3 and GD3, the main gangliosides of milk, were recognized by ETEC strains, although the
different fimbriae showed diverse levels of affinity. Unexpectedly, the adhesion to colostral gangliosides was considerably
weaker than that to gangliosides from the other stages of lactation. Because the carbohydrate moiety did not change and because
differences in the percentages of unsaturated FA and sphingosine between colostrum and other stages were observed, we conclude
that the differences in adhesion could be due to a different composition of the ganglioside caramide. 相似文献
942.
The high computation requirements of global optimization algorithms, when used to solve real optimization problems, have caused the appearance of different parallelization strategies using several parallel computing architectures. In this work, the Universal Evolutionary Global Optimizer is implemented in CUDA to be run on GPU architectures (GPuEGO). This parallelization of the referred evolutionary multimodal optimization algorithm is rather different from other previous parallel implementations designed to be executed into shared or distributed memory processors. In this case, due to the special characteristics of a GPU architecture, the original data structures are not valid and it has been necessary to redefine them and all the functions that operate with them. When this approach is applied the acceleration factors achieved by GPuEGO range from \({\times }\) 6.33 to \({\times }\) 23.20 depending on the test function. 相似文献
943.
Summary Polymer-clay hydrogel composite was prepared on the basis of polyacrylamide (PAAm) gel containing the clay mineral sepiolite.
The properties of swelling and dye adsorption of poly(acrylamide-sepiolite) (AAm/Sep) composite hydrogel were investigated.
The parameters of swelling and diffusion in water and dye solutions were calculated for the AAm and AAm/Sep hydrogels. It
was found that the equilibrium swelling degree of obtained composite higher than that of AAm gel. Spectroscopic analysis of
composite and composite-dye systems was done with FT-IR method. Adsorption of monovalent cationic dyes such as Basic Blue
12 (BB-12) Basic Blue 9 (BB-9), and Basic Violet 1 (BV-1), was studied on the composite. In the adsorption experiments, S
(Sigmoidal) type for composite gel adsorption isotherms in the Giles classification system was found. Adsorption studies indicated that
the amounts of adsorbed dyes on the AAm/Sep composite hydrogel were increased with following order; BB-12 > BB-9 > BV-1. The
composite hydrogel may be considered as good candidate for environmental application to retain more water and dyes. 相似文献
944.
This paper reports experimental and numerical results of an investigation of five identical cogeneration systems using PEM (Polymer Exchange Membrane) fuel cells and running on natural gas. The natural gas is reformed locally to produce hydrogen. The accuracy of numerical results is validated by comparison with experimental data and the system performances are analysed in terms of electrical, thermal and total efficiencies. It appears that the energetic performances are low, particularly at low current. Simple solutions for enhancing the system electrical performances by modifying control laws are proposed. 相似文献
945.
Robert A. Moreau David B. Johnston Kevin B. Hicks 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2007,84(11):1039-1044
All commercial corn oil is obtained by pressing corn germ and/or extracting the germ with hexane. In the current study, six
types of corn oil were prepared by extracting corn germ, corn fiber and ground corn, each with hexane or with ethanol. The
levels of lutein, zeaxanthin and other carotenoids were quantitatively analyzed in the six corn oils. The levels of lutein + zeaxanthin
in the oil ranged from 2.3 μg/g for hexane-extracted corn germ oil to 220.9 μg/g for ethanol-extracted ground corn oil. These
results indicate that a diet that includes 30 g (~2 tbsp) per day of the unrefined corn oil obtained by extracting ground
corn with ethanol would provide ~6 mg of lutein + zeaxanthin, the daily dosage that is currently considered to be necessary
to slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration.
Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information
and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. 相似文献
946.
Y. Castrillejo M. R. Bermejo A. M. Martínez C. Abejón S. Sánchez G. S. Picard 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》1999,29(1):65-73
The stability of indium chloride and oxide as well as the electrochemical behaviour of indium ions have been studied in the equimolar CaCl2–NaCl melt at 550 C by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and different electrochemical techniques, using molybdenum and tungsten wires as working electrodes. Voltammetric and chronopotentiometric studies showed signals attributed to the presence of three oxidation states of indium, i.e. 0, i and iii. The standard potential of the redox couples, as well as the solubility products of indium oxides have been determined, showing that In(iii) ions are completely reduced to monovalent indium by the indium metal according to the reaction: In () + 2 In 3 In () and that In2O is a strong oxide donor according to the reaction: In2O(s) 2 In() + O2- These results have allowed the construction of E-pO2– equilibrium diagrams summarising the properties of In–O compounds. The electrodeposition of indium was uncomplicated at Mo and W electrodes. Very good adherence of liquid indium to the electrode materials was observed, with the formation of Na–In alloys at highly reducing potentials, and there was no evidence of indium dissolution into the melt. Moreover, the voltammograms corresponding to the electrochemical In(iii)/In(i) exchange were well defined. The two electrochemical steps were found to be quasi-reversible, and the values of the kinetic parameters, ko and , for both reactions, as well as the diffusion coefficients, DIn(III) and DIn(I) were calculated. 相似文献
947.
Cristina López‐Dehesa José A. González‐Marcos Juan R. González‐Velasco 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2007,103(5):2843-2848
Poly(1‐trimethylsilyl‐1‐propyne) (PTMSP) membranes have been used to separate ethanol–water mixtures by pervaporation. This polyacetylene is known to present high affinity toward ethanol, showing high selectivity and ethanol permeation flux. The performance of this polymer in the separation of alcohol–water solutions has been evaluated over long periods (572 h) at a high temperature (75°C) to examine the deterioration of the transport properties in the separation of 50 wt % ethanol–water solutions. Although PTMSP membranes present good characteristics for the separation of gases and liquid mixtures, their organic selectivity decrease with the operating time because of the relaxation processes of the polymeric chains, which affect the free volume of the polymer, the deterioration being more evident for concentrated solutions. The effects of the operation temperature on the characteristic parameters of pervaporation have also been studied to establish how this variable affects the performance of PTMSP membranes. The selectivity increases slightly with the operation temperature, but the effect of the temperature on the separation factor decreases as membranes are degraded with the operation time. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2843–2848, 2007 相似文献
948.
The photocatalytic decolorization of adsorbed organic dyes (Acid Blue 9, Acid Orange 7, Reactive Black 5 and Reactive Blue 19) in air was examined, applicable to self-cleaning surfaces and catalyst characterization. Dye-coated Degussa P25 titanium dioxide (TiO2) and dye-coated photo-inert aluminum oxide (Al2O3) particles, both of sub-monolayer initial dye coverage, were illuminated with 1.3 mW cm−2 of near-UV light. Visual evidence of color removal is reported with photographic images. Two methods, Indirect and Direct Analysis, were employed to quantitatively examine the decolorization kinetics of dyes using UV–visible transmission and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, respectively. A decrease in dye concentration with time was observed with near-UV illumination of dye-coated TiO2 powders for all dyes. Dyes did not photodegrade significantly on photo-inert Al2O3.
UV–visible spectroscopy data was used to model the kinetics of the photocatalytic degradation. Two first-order reactions in series provided the most convincing rate form for the photodegradation of dyes adsorbed to TiO2, with a first step the conversion of colored dye to colored intermediate, and the second the conversion to colorless product(s). The first rate constant was of similar magnitude for all dyes, averaging k1 = 0.13 min−1. Similarly, for the second, k2 = 0.0014 min−1. 相似文献
949.
David Merrick 《Fuel》1983,62(5):547-552
Mathematical models are proposed to predict the true density of coal, semi-coke and coke and the porosity of a coke oven charge during carbonization. These models are combined in a further model which predicts the hitherto unexplained ‘twin-peaked’ contraction curve observed for semi-coke. It is found that the first contraction peak results from the relatively high rate of mass loss occurring towards the end of the primary devolatilization stage. The second peak occurs because of the increase in true density arising from the elimination of hydrogen from the semi-coke. 相似文献
950.
Matthew H. Krohn John R. Hellmann David L. Shelleman Carlo G. Pantano George E. Sakoske 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2002,85(10):2507-2514
The effect of a glass enamel coating on the strength and fatigue behavior of float glass was investigated. Commercially available enamel that was comprised of Cu2 Cr2 O4 pigment particles in a bismuth-zinc borosilicate glass matrix was applied to a soda–lime–silica float glass via screen printing, followed by fusion at elevated temperature. Strengths of the enameled specimens were evaluated in biaxial flexure using a ring-on-ring (ROR) test geometry, and the data were analyzed using a conventional two-parameter Weibull distribution. Enameling was found to significantly degrade the strength of the float glass. There was no statistical difference in the characteristic strengths of samples enameled on the air side (66 MPa) compared with samples enameled on the tin side (61 MPa) of the float glass. Fractographic analysis revealed that the failures in the enameled float glass samples initiated at pores and pigment aggregates in the enamel, whereas failures in float glass samples initiated solely from surface flaws. Dynamic fatigue tests were performed on enameled float glass and indented float glass samples to determine the effect of the enamel on the stress corrosion behavior of the enameled components. There was no statistically significant difference between the stress corrosion exponents for the float glass and enameled float glass specimens. 相似文献