Relationship between CO2 Sensor Voltage Response and Phase Equilibrium of Solid Electrolyte Na, K-β/β"-Al2O3

A type of CO2 sensor based on oxygen concentration cell was designed as following: Cell I: Pt | Au, O2,CO2|Na2CO3(Au)|NKBA(Au)|YSZ|O2, CO2|Pt or Cell Ⅱ: Pt|Au, O2, CO2|K2CO3(Au)|NKBA(Au)|YSZ|O2, CO2|Pt.(Na,K-β/β″-Al2O3 is named by NKBA). The sensor signal is consistent with the Nernstian slope within the region ofphase equilibrium for Na, K-β/β"-Al2O3 material. The relationship between CO2 sensor voltage response and phaseequilibrium of solid electrolyte Na, K-β/β-Al2O3 is discussed in this paper.     

Radiation and scattering characteristics of microstrip antennas onnormally biased ferrite substrates

Radiation and scattering characteristics of microstrip antennas and arrays printed on ferrite substrates with a normal magnetic bias field are described. The extra degree of freedom offered by the biased ferrite can be used to obtain a number of novel characteristics, including switchable and tunable circularly polarized radiation from a microstrip antenna having a single feed point, dynamic wide-angle impedance matching for phased arrays of microstrip antennas, and a switchable radar cross section reduction technique for microstrip antennas. Results are obtained from full-wave moment method solutions for single microstrip antennas and infinite arrays of microstrip antennas. A cavity model solution for a circular patch antenna on a biased ferrite substrate is also presented, to aid in understanding the operation of these antennas     

Calibration of bistatic polarimetric radar systems

A calibration technique for laboratory type polarimetric, bistatic instrumentation radars is presented. It describes the errors induced by the standard radiation transfer approach (I-SRT) in a way similar to that for the monostatic case. A 12-term error correction and absolute polarimetric calibration is performed with two external reference targets. Only the polarimetric bistatic reference of the first target must be theoretically determined. The scattering reference of the second target is determined by a measurement during the calibration process (single reference calibration). The simulation of a third cross-polarization measurement is performed by an antenna rotation and a remeasurement of the second target. Thus all data are gained for the determination of the error terms and measurements of unknown objects can be full polarimetrically calibrated. The procedures are shown for an adapted dihedral corner reflector. Misalignment errors are discussed     

Reply to Comment on “Ewald summation technique for one-dimensional charge distributions”

We explain why the methods in Langridge, Hart and Crampin [Comput. Phys. Commun. 134 (2001) 78] suffice for the evaluation of the lattice sums entering the Madelung matrix describing multipole interactions in systems with one-dimensional translational periodicity.     

Metadata's role in a scientific archive

Computational and laboratory experiments generate masses of data that must be stored reliably, with minimal effort on each researcher's part, and must be retrievable for decades. The storage environment must also work seamlessly across scientific disciplines and capture all of a file system's features in a semantically-based catalog that provides Boolean, keyword, and tree-based data access. The authors describe a metadata-based archive for scientific data that provides flexible archive storage for very large data sets. The system uses metadata to organize and manage the data without imposing predefined metadata formats on scientists.     

Circular core polarization-maintaining optical fibers withelliptical stress-induced cladding

The reproducible technology for producing high-birefringence fibers with stress-induced elliptical cladding and circular core is described. The authors have obtained fibers that have a birefringence of about (1-3) 10^-4, a mode coupling parameter of about (2-7) 10 ^-5 m^-1, and loss of less than 0.5 dB/km at 1.6 μm. The authors have found effects restricting the capability of test fibers to maintain the state of linear polarization     

Ischemic preconditioning prior to myocardial protection with cold blood cardioplegia in coronary surgery

OBJECTIVE: Encouraging results on myocardial preconditioning in experimental models of infarction, stunning or prolonged ischemia raise the question whether preconditioning techniques may enhance conventional cardioplegic protection used for routine coronary surgery. METHODS: A prospective clinical trial was conducted to investigate the effect of additional ischemic normothermic preconditioning prior to cardioplegic arrest applying cold blood cardioplegia in patients scheduled for routine coronary surgery (3 vessel disease, left ventricular ejection fraction > 50%). Two cross clamp periods of 5 min with the hearts beating in sinus rhythm were applied followed by 10 min of reperfusion, each (n = 7, group I). Inducing moderate hypothermia cold blood cardioplegia was delivered antegradely. In control groups, cold intermittent blood cardioplegia (n = 7, group II) was used alone. Coronary sinus effluents were analyzed for release of creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, lactate, and troponin T at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 h. In addition, postoperative catecholamine requirements were monitored. RESULTS: The procedure was tolerated well, and no perioperative myocardial infarction in any of the groups studied occurred. Concentrations of lactate tended to be higher in group I, but this difference was not significant. In addition, no significant differences for concentrations of CK, CK-MB, and troponin T were found. Following ischemic preconditioning an increased dosage of dopamine was required within the first 12 h postoperatively (group I: 2.63 +/- 1.44 microg/kg/min, group II: 0.89 +/- 1.06 microg/kg/min). CONCLUSIONS: Combining ischemic preconditioning and cardioplegic protection with cold blood cardioplegia does not appear to ameliorate myocardial protection when compared to cardioplegic protection applying cold blood cardioplegia alone. Inversely, contractile function seemed to be impaired when applying this protocol of ischemic preconditioning.