螺旋碳纳米管的制备、表征及性能

采用溶胶-凝胶结合氢气还原方法制备了Ni纳米颗粒,并用这种Ni纳米颗粒作为催化剂,通过催化裂解乙炔的方法在425℃制备了螺旋度较高且呈对称生长的螺旋碳纳米管。结果表明,本方法简单、成本低、环境友好,可大量制备高纯度螺旋碳纳米管。场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)及高分辨透射电镜(HR-TEM)图片表明,通常情况下两根旋向相反的螺旋碳纳米管生长在一个催化剂颗粒上,且这种纳米螺旋呈空心管状。X射线衍射及拉曼光谱分析表明,所得样品成分为有缺陷的石墨结构和镍多晶,未发现其他杂相。此外,对样品的磁性及微波吸收性能进行了研究。     

基于随机并行梯度下降算法的湍流像差校正仿真

随机并行梯度下降(SPGD)算法可不依赖波前探测直接优化系统性能指标来校正畸变波前.建立了基于随机并行梯度下降算法控制的61单元湍流校正仿真模型,实现了通过该算法控制倾斜镜和变形镜对湍流引起的像差的校正.结果发现,该算法能够找到补偿湍流像差所需的倾斜镜和变形镜的最优面形.采用SPGD算法控制,倾斜镜校正后,远场光斑质心...     

一种基于非参数统计理论的网络流量异常检测方法

提出了一种新的基于非参数高斯核函数分布的网络流量异常检测方法．与目前核函数应用于分类、神经网络、机器学习的方法和原理均不同,针对异常发生时流量出现的扰动,使用能显著反映流量形状变化的核带宽作为特征统计量,进行网络流量分析．实验结果表明,该方法能显著降低计算复杂度和误检率,提高检测率．     

AlInAs氧化物限制1.3μm低阈值边发射激光器

研究制作了一种利用AlInAs氧化物作为限制的1.3μm边发射AlGaInAs多量子阱激光器.有源层上方和下方的AlInAs波导层被氧化作为电流限制层.这种结构提供了良好的侧向电流限制和光场限制.当电流通道为5μm宽时,获得了12.9mA的阈值电流和0.47W/A的斜率效率.与具有相同宽度的脊条的脊波导结构的激光器相比,这种AlInAs氧化物限制的激光器的阈值电流降低了31.7%,斜率效率稍微有所提高.低阈值和高效率的特性表明,氧化AlInAs波导层能够提供良好的侧向电流限制.这种AlInAs氧化物限制的激光器垂直方向的远场半高全宽角为36.1°,而水平方向的是21.6°,表明AlInAs氧化物对侧向光场也有很强的限制能力.     

On the Cutoff Wavelength of Rectangular-Shaped Microshield Line by Edge Element Method

In this paper, the cutoff characteristic of rectangular-shaped microshield transmission line has been analysed by edge element method. Dependence of cutoff wavelengths on the thickness of metallic signal strip, dielectric constant of dielectric substrate and the width of the rectangular-shaped ground conductor are presented in tabular form. Numerical results in this paper have important values in design of rectangular-shaped microshield lines in microwave and millimeter wave integrated circuits.     

Extracting Light from Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Stamped Bragg Gratings

In this paper, we describe a method for increasing the external efficiency of polymer light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) by coupling out waveguided light with Bragg gratings. We numerically model the waveguide modes in a typical LED structure and demonstrate how optimizing layer thicknesses and reducing waveguide absorption can enhance the grating outcoupling. The gratings were created by a soft‐lithography technique that minimizes changes to the conventional LED structure. Using one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional gratings, we were able to increase the forward‐directed emission by 47 % and 70 %, respectively, and the external quantum efficiency by 15 % and 25 %.     

基于GPS的Internet端到端时延测量的实现

网络行为测量是网络行为分析的基础,而端到端的时延又是网络行为测量中一个重要的参数.但是由于传统的端到端测量存在时钟不同步问题,因此测量的误差较大.文中采用基于GPS接收机的同步方法设计出网络时延测量仪来测量端到端时延,解决了收发时钟不同步的问题,提高了测量的精度.     

The Role of Electron Localization in Covalency and Electrochemical Properties of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials

Following the fundamental research conducted by J. B. Goodenough, the important role of electron localization induced by elemental substitution is studied. The size and electron negativity of host and substituting ions are two important factors in tuning material properties such as local structure and transition metal (TM) oxygen covalency. However, another factor, electron localization, which is widely studied in catalyst research but largely overlooked for battery materials, deserves systematic studies. A combined investigation using synchrotronbased X-ray spectroscopy and theoretical calculations is carried out on the Li-Co-Mn-O model system in which the substituting cation Mn⁴⁺, with its 3d³ electronic structure, is used as a promoter for electron localization. Results indicate that electron localization greatly influences the Co O bond by making it less covalent, which increases the delithiation voltage. It is also found that during charge/discharge, electron localization tends to make TM K-edge X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) spectra show a more “rigid shift” behavior while electron delocalization makes the XANES exhibit a “shape change.” It clearly explains why the K-edge XANES data of some TM oxides show no “rigid shift” while the nominal valence states changed. This work highlights the importance of electron localization with guidance for XANES interpretation.     

Ni-based Plasmonic/Magnetic Nanostructures as Efficient Light Absorbers for Steam Generation

Solar steam generation technologies have gained increasing attention due to their great potential for clean water generation with low energy consumption. The rational design of a light absorber that can maximize solar energy utilization is therefore of great importance. Here, the synthesis of Ni@C@SiO₂ core–shell nanoparticles as promising light absorbers for steam generation by taking advantage of the plasmonic excitation of Ni nanoparticles, the broadband absorption of carbon, and the protective function and hydrophilic property of silica is reported. The nanoparticle-based evaporator shows an excellent photothermal efficiency of 91.2%, with an evaporation rate of 1.67 kg m⁻² h⁻¹. The performance can be further enhanced by incorporating the nanoparticles into a polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel to make a composite film. In addition, utilizing the magnetic property of the core–shell particles allows the creation of surface texture in the film by applying an external magnetic field, which helps increase surface roughness and further boost the evaporation rate to as high as 2.25 kg m⁻² h⁻¹.     

基于模糊理论的不确定轨迹模式挖掘

轨迹模式挖掘是轨迹数据知识发现的一个重要课题.由于定位设备的局限性,采集到的轨迹数据具有不确定性.着眼于不确定轨迹数据模式挖掘,通过引入模糊集方法,提出不确定轨迹数据模式挖掘方法.首先用均匀网格划分对象的运动平面,基于对象实际位置的概率分布计算轨迹点相对于每个网格的隶属度,通过不确定轨迹兴趣区域发现算法,得到所有的不确定兴趣区域,然后在此基础上进行轨迹模式挖掘.实验展示了所提出的不确定轨迹数据模式挖掘方法进行模式挖掘的效果.