Pulsed Laser Deposition of Photoresponsive Two‐Dimensional GaSe Nanosheet Networks

Synthesis of functional metal chalcogenide (GaSe) nanosheet networks by stoichiometric transfer of laser‐vaporized material from bulk GaSe targets is presented. Uniform coverage of interconnected, crystalline, and photoresponsive GaSe nanosheets in both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane orientations are achieved under different ablation conditions. The propagation of the laser‐vaporized material is characterized by in situ ICCD‐imaging. High (1 Torr) Ar background gas pressure is found to be crucial for the stoichiometric growth of GaSe nanosheet networks. Individual 1–3 layer GaSe triangular nanosheets of ≈200 nm domain size are formed within 30 laser pulses, coalescing to form nanosheet networks in as few as 100 laser pulses. The thickness of the deposited networks increases linearly with pulse number, adding layers in a two‐dimensional (2D) growth mode. GaSe nanosheet networks show p‐type semiconducting characteristics with mobilities reaching as high as 0.1 cm²V^?1s^?1. Spectrally‐resolved photoresponsivities and external quantum efficiencies range from 0.4 AW^?1 and 100% at 700 nm, to 1.4 AW^?1 and 600% at 240 nm, respectively. Pulsed laser deposition under these conditions appears to provide a versatile and rapid approach to stoichiometrically transfer and deposit functional networks of 2D nanosheets with digital thickness control and uniformity for a variety of applications.     

Performance evaluation and cache analysis of an ILP protocolimplementation

Integrated layer processing (ILP) is an implementation concept that “permits the implementor the option of performing all the (data) manipulation steps in one or two integrated processing loops”. To estimate the achievable benefits of ILP, a file transfer application with an encryption function on top of a user-level TCP has been implemented and the performance of the application in terms of throughput and packet processing times has been measured. The results show that it is possible to obtain performance benefits by integrating marshalling, encryption, and TCP checksum calculation. The experiments yielded in a throughput gain of only 10-20% in contrast to the 50% gain achieved for simple loop experiments. Simulations of memory access and cache hit rate show that the main benefit of ILP is reduced memory access rather than an improved cache hit rate. ILP reduced the number of memory accesses up to 30% in the experiment, but the relative amount of cache misses could not be reduced compared to a carefully designed non-ILP implementation. The results also show that data manipulation characteristics may significantly influence the cache behavior and the achievable performance gain of ILP. Considering these results, ILP can only be recommended in cases where the the ILP loop consists of several, but very simple data manipulations without complex calculations over the data     

Fabrication and Characterization of Two‐Photon Polymerized Features in Colloidal Crystals

The fabrication and characterization of two‐photon polymerized features written within and outside of colloidal crystals is presented. Two‐photon polymerization (TPP) response diagrams are introduced and developed to map the polymerization and damage thresholds for features written via modulated beam rastering. The use of tris[4‐(7‐benzothiazol‐2‐yl‐9,9‐diethylfluoren‐2‐yl)phenyl]amine (AF‐350) as an initiator for TPP is demonstrated for the first time and TPP response diagrams illustrate the polymerization window. These diagrams also demonstrate that the polymerization behavior within and outside of colloidal crystals is similar and electron microscopy reveals nearly identical resolution. Fluorescence confocal microscopy further enables visualization of non‐self‐supporting, three‐dimensional TPP features within self‐assembled photonic crystals. Finally, microspot spectroscopy is collected from a two‐photon feature written within a colloidal crystal and this is compared with simulation.     

April in Paris: signs of artificial life along the Seine

What if every public space and surface were transformed into an interactive experience - capturing our movements, gestures, sounds and actions and using these to produce new sounds, images, text and actions? Bus stops could come alive and talk back, advertisements could look back at you and talk to you and public park robotic devices could play games with you. Will public places eventually become our social barometer as well as director? Will billboards display the populace's discourse? The author look at some special streets in France where the city is literally alive with art and explores what it might mean for us to live in a world of artistic interactivity.     

Reliability Potential Of Epoxy Based Encapsulants For Automotive Applications

Automotive under-the-hood electronics often have to withstand temperatures up to 175 °C in combination with harsh environment conditions. This paper gives an overview about the reliability potential of epoxy based encapsulants for automotive applications. Therefore the resistance of epoxy molding compound against typical automotive fluids at temperature of use is analyzed. Six epoxy molding compounds available on the market, showing high temperature automotive potential have been carefully selected to undergo a media resistance testing. For this purpose a dedicated mold tool has been designed and manufactured to prepare these encapsulants for material testing. Thermo-mechanical, mechanical and thermal properties had been determined in initial state directly after molding and after storage in aggressive fluids typical for automotive applications as e.g. gas oil, automatic transmission fluid (ATF), brake fluid or accumulator acid at the respective temperature of use.     

A 5.8 GHz Low Noise Amplifier for Wireless LAN Applications in Silicon Bipolar Technology

A monolithic integrated low-noise amplifier for operation in the 5.8-GHzband is described. Two different versions have been implemented where the biasing wasadapted to allow operation over a different range of supply voltage. At 5-V, theamplifiers gain is about 17-dB, with a noise figure of 4.2-dB and 1-dB compressionpoint at –15-dBm input power. The circuits have been designed utilizing a0.6-micron silicon bipolar production technology, featuring npn transistors with and of about20-GHz.     

Verkleinerung verfahrenstechnischer Versuchsanlagen — was ist erreichbar?

Scale-down of chemical engineering pilot plant – what is attainable? The use of fully automated experimental laboratory-scale plantoffer interesting possibilities for assessment of the economic operation and technical feasibility of new or modified processes. An important condition for the success of this kind of experimental approach is the availability of miniaturized equipment, machines, and sensors. The goal of such experimental plant can be both the process engineering development of individual process steps and also integrated running to model complete processes. Moreover, questions of scale-up can be studied and typical quantities can be provided. The state of the art is reported with the aid of selected examples of equipment and mechanical components and measurement and control units.     

A high-speed 128-kb MRAM core for future universal memory applications

A 128-kb magnetic random access memory (MRAM) test chip has been fabricated utilizing, for the first time, a 0.18-/spl mu/m V/sub DD/=1.8 V logic process technology with Cu metallization. The presented design uses a 1.4-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ one-transistor/one-magnetic tunnel junction (1T1MTJ) cell and features a symmetrical high-speed sensing architecture using complementary reference cells and configurable load devices. Extrapolations from test chip measurements and circuit assessments predict a 5-ns random array read access time and random write operations with <5-ns write pulse width.     

A low-noise multiresolution high-dynamic ultra-broad-band time-domain EMI measurement system

A time-domain electromagnetic interference (EMI) measurement system allows to reduce measurement time by several orders of magnitude in comparison with conventional systems. This will considerably reduce the costs of compliance tests. In this paper, a novel multiresolution time-domain EMI measurement system is presented. The multiresolution time-domain EMI measurement system exhibits several channels with limiters, amplifiers, and analog-to-digital converters. The amplitude range of the signal is subdivided into several intervals. In each interval the analog-to-digital conversion is performed with an amplitude discretization proportional to the width of the amplitude interval. The signal-to-noise ratio of the multiresolution time-domain EMI measurement system compared with a conventional time-domain measurement system for transient signals is enhanced by at least 50 dB. It is shown that the multiresolution time-domain EMI measurement system has a higher overload factor than conventional systems working frequency domain. The noise floor is 5 dB lower than the noise floor of a conventional EMI receiver. The multiresolution time-domain EMI measurement system shows a higher 1-dB compression point than conventional EMI receivers. Measurements were performed in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 1 GHz and compared with results obtained by an EMI receiver.