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51.
Ilbige C. Arik Joeri F. Denayer Gino V. Baron 《Microporous and mesoporous materials》2003,60(1-3):111-124
The influence of the composition and synthesis method on the low-coverage adsorption properties of C5–C9 n-alkanes on ZSM-5 zeolites was studied using the pulse chromatographic technique at temperatures between 200 and 400 °C. Experiments were performed with materials having Si/Al ratios between 12 and 400, synthesized with and without an organic template. For all ZSM-5 samples, the Henry adsorption constants increase exponentially with the carbon number, while zero-coverage adsorption enthalpies increase in a linear way. With decreasing Al content, the Henry constants and adsorption enthalpies decrease. An increase in adsorption enthalpy of 10.1 kJ/mol per added –CH2– group is observed for an Si/Al ratio of 400, while an increase of 12.1 kJ/mol is found for an Si/Al ratio of 15. The contribution to the adsorption entropy per carbon atom depends on the ZSM-5 composition and varies between 11.2 and 14.4 J/(mol K). A significant effect of the synthesis method on the Henry constants, adsorption enthalpies and entropies is observed. All ZSM-5 samples synthesized using organic templates show the same unique relationship between adsorption enthalpy and entropy, different from that of zeolites synthesized without organic template. 相似文献
52.
Tiziana Schioppa Hoang Oanh Nguyen Valentina Salvi Norma Maugeri Fabrizio Facchinetti Gino Villetti Maurizio Civelli Carolina Gaudenzi Mauro Passari Francesca Sozio Ilaria Barbazza Nicola Tamassia Marco A. Cassatella Annalisa Del Prete Daniela Bosisio Laura Tiberio 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(9)
Neutrophils, the most abundant subset of leukocytes in the blood, play a pivotal role in host response against invading pathogens. However, in respiratory diseases, excessive infiltration and activation of neutrophils can lead to tissue damage. Tanimilast-international non-proprietary name of CHF6001—is a novel inhaled phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor in advanced clinical development for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a chronic inflammatory lung disease where neutrophilic inflammation plays a key pathological role. Human neutrophils from healthy donors were exposed to pro-inflammatory stimuli in the presence or absence of tanimilast and budesonide—a typical inhaled corticosteroid drug-to investigate the modulation of effector functions including adherence to endothelial cells, granule protein exocytosis, release of extracellular DNA traps, cytokine secretion, and cell survival. Tanimilast significantly decreased neutrophil-endothelium adhesion, degranulation, extracellular DNA traps casting, and cytokine secretion. In contrast, it promoted neutrophil survival by decreasing both spontaneous apoptosis and cell death in the presence of pro-survival factors. The present work suggests that tanimilast can alleviate the severe tissue damage caused by massive recruitment and activation of neutrophils in inflammatory diseases such as COPD. 相似文献
53.
We use a stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) approach to solve the problem of determining the optimal routing policies in a stochastic dynamic network. Due to its long time for solving SDP, we propose three techniques for pruning stochastic dynamic networks to expedite the process of obtaining optimal routing policies. The techniques include: (1) use of static upper/lower bounds, (2) pre-processing the stochastic dynamic networks by using the start time and origin location of the vehicle, and (3) a mix of pre-processing and upper/lower bounds. Our experiments show that while finding optimal routing policies in stochastic dynamic networks, the last two of the three strategies have a significant computational advantage over conventional SDP. Our main observation from these experiments was that the computational advantage of the pruning strategies that depend on the start time of the vehicle varies according to the time input to the problem. We present the results of this variation in the experiments section. We recommend that while comparing the computational performances of time-dependent techniques, it is very important to test the performance of such strategies at various time inputs. 相似文献
54.
Presented here is a theoretical analysis and experimental validation for the passive frequency tuning of atomic force microscope
(AFM) optical levers. The natural frequencies of the optical lever are a function of material, geometry, and elastic properties
of the microstructure. In this regard, the geometry of the structure can be altered in post-fabrication using such methods
as laser drilling or focused ion beam machining. Several slot sizes are investigated and the eigenvalues obtained are mapped
as a function of the slot length and width. In this regard, the elastic property of the optical lever can be tuned through
material removal in either a mass or stiffness reduction arrangement in which a particular slot size and configuration is
machined into the optical lever structure. In this work a slot cut into the optical lever using focused ion beam machining
is used to passively tune the natural frequencies and mode shapes of suspended microcantilever structures used for optical
lever scanning such as in AFM probes. This analysis will contribute to the performance optimization of AFM probes and microresonators.
The Rayleigh–Ritz energy method is used for the theoretical analysis and a non-contact optical test method is used to obtain
the natural frequency of several slotted AFM optical levers. 相似文献
55.
Flexible job-shop scheduling with routing flexibility and separable setup times using ant colony optimisation method 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper proposes an ant colony optimisation-based software system for solving FMS scheduling in a job-shop environment with routing flexibility, sequence-dependent setup and transportation time. In particular, the optimisation problem for a real environment, including parallel machines and operation lag times, has been approached by means of an effective pheromone trail coding and tailored ant colony operators for improving solution quality. The method used to tune the system parameters is also described. The algorithm has been tested by using standard benchmarks and problems, properly designed for a typical FMS layout. The effectiveness of the proposed system has been verified in comparison with alternative approaches. 相似文献
56.
A conveniently assembled electrochemical cell, exploiting a porous electrode supported on a moist perfluorinated ion-exchange polymer, is proposed for profitable electrochemical detection in supercritical fluid chromatography. It consists of a porous Pt working electrode, contacted by the mobile phase from the chromatographic column, which is chemically deposited onto one side of a Nafion membrane. The rear uncoated side of this membrane, acting as a solid polymer electrolyte, is contacted by an electrolyte solution (1 M NaCl) contained in an internal compartment equipped with a Pt counter electrode and a Ag/AgCl, Cl(-) 1 M reference electrode. Ferrocene, eluted with supercritical carbon dioxide through a Spherisorb column installed in a supercritical fluid chromatographic system, was used as electroactive prototype analyte to test the performance of this detector, which turned out to be quite better than that provided by a conventional on-line UV absorbance detector. The recorded peaks were characterized by both a good reproducibility (4.5%) and a linear dependence of their height and area, which extended over a wide concentration range ( approximately 3 orders of magnitude). Moreover, they were not interfered by possible solvent front, unlike peaks recorded by the UV detector. The detection limit, estimated for a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 (4.2 x 10(-11) mol), was lower by approximately 1 order of magnitude than that found for the UV detector. Finally, the long-term stability of this detector was satisfactory in that only a approximately 6% decrease in the current responses was observed after a rather long period (2 months) of continuous use. 相似文献
57.
We present a series of numerically calculated plate height and flow resistance data obtained for an idealized chromatographic support mimic with variable bed porosity (0.3 = epsilon = 0.9), yielding a unique insight into how the main chromatographic performance parameters can be expected to vary with the external bed porosity, unbiased by any differences in molecular diffusivity or retention factor. The influence of pore heterogeneity effects is considered as well. It is found that the product h(min)nu(opt) depends only very weakly on epsilon and on the degree of pore heterogeneity. It is also found that the minimal separation impedance E(min) decreases monotonically with epsilon. This shows that the minimal plate height increase that can be expected for large porosity systems is always more than compensated by their reduced flow resistance, in agreement with the current observations in real silica monolith columns. Using the computed plate height data in an optimization analysis, it is found that large porosity supports can always potentially yield shorter analysis times or larger plate numbers than small porosity supports but need submicrometer feature sizes to actually achieve this. Assuming a lower limit on the producible or useable structural feature sizes, it is found that small N separations can best be performed with a small porosity packing, whereas large N separations require a large porosity packing if the column length (L) is left free. A plot yielding epsilon(opt) as a function of the required plate number has been established, showing that roughly epsilon(opt) approximately log(N) in both the ordered and the disordered support cases. It is also shown that the maximal increase in peak capacity ever to be expected from the use of high porosity supports is a factor of 2 (if the mobile-phase viscosity can be kept constant), potentially to be increased by a factor of 1.5 by increasing the homogeneity of the packing. 相似文献
58.
Ronnie?G.?Willaert Gino?V.?BaronEmail author 《Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy》2004,7(1):15-32
Wort boiling is the most energy intensive stage in the brewing process. For this reason considerable attention has been given to improve the efficiency of wort boiling systems. Alternative wort boiling technologies, such as low pressure boiling and high temperature wort boiling, have been studied in detail during the last decades, with a focus on the reduction of primary energy consumption. Recently, new boiling systems have been developed and commercialised. The new systems reduced the energy consumption still further and are all characterised by exerting a low thermal stress on the wort during boiling.In this review, an overview of wort boiling objectives, possibilities to reduce the thermal stress on wort and environmental aspects of wort boiling are discussed. Furthermore, recent wort boiling systems—i.e. dynamic low pressure boiling and boiling systems which are based on low thermal stress boiling in combination with volatile stripping (steam, film and vacuum stripping)—are given special attention. 相似文献
59.
Maxim Belkin Shu-Han Chao Gino Giannetti Aleksei Aksimentiev 《Journal of Computational Electronics》2014,13(4):826-838
Local modulation of temperature has emerged as a new mechanism for regulation of molecular transport through nanopores. Predicting the effect of such modulations on nanopore transport requires simulation protocols capable of reproducing non-uniform temperature gradients observed in experiment. Conventional molecular dynamics (MD) method typically employs a single thermostat for maintaining a uniform distribution of temperature in the entire simulation domain, and, therefore, can not model local temperature variations. In this article, we describe a set of simulation protocols that enable modeling of nanopore systems featuring non-uniform distributions of temperature. First, we describe a method to impose a temperature gradient in all-atom MD simulations based on a boundary-driven non-equilibrium MD protocol. Then, we use this method to study the effect of temperature gradient on the distribution of ions in bulk solution (the thermophoretic effect). We show that DNA nucleotides exhibit differential response to the same temperature gradient. Next, we describe a method to directly compute the effective force of a thermal gradient on a prototypical biomolecule—a fragment of double-stranded DNA. Following that, we demonstrate an all-atom MD protocol for modeling thermophoretic effects in solid-state nanopores. We show that local heating of a nanopore volume can be used to regulate the nanopore ionic current. Finally, we show how continuum calculations can be coupled to a coarse-grained model of DNA to study the effect of local temperature modulation on electrophoretic motion of DNA through plasmonic nanopores. The computational methods described in this article are expected to find applications in rational design of temperature-responsive nanopore systems. 相似文献
60.
Papalexandratou Z Vrancken G De Bruyne K Vandamme P De Vuyst L 《Food microbiology》2011,28(7):1326-1338
Spontaneous organic cocoa bean box fermentations were carried out on two different farms in Brazil. Physical parameters, microbial growth, bacterial species diversity [mainly lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB)], and metabolite kinetics were monitored, and chocolates were produced from the fermented dry cocoa beans. The main end-products of the catabolism of the pulp substrates (glucose, fructose, and citric acid) by yeasts, LAB, and AAB were ethanol, lactic acid, mannitol, and/or acetic acid. Lactobacillus fermentum and Acetobacter pasteurianus were the predominating bacterial species of the fermentations as revealed through (GTG)5-PCR fingerprinting of isolates and PCR-DGGE of 16S rRNA gene PCR amplicons of DNA directly extracted from fermentation samples. Fructobacillus pseudoficulneus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Acetobacter senegalensis were among the prevailing species during the initial phase of the fermentations. Also, three novel LAB species were found. This study emphasized the possible participation of Enterobacteriaceae in the cocoa bean fermentation process. Tatumella ptyseos and Tatumella citrea were the prevailing enterobacterial species in the beginning of the fermentations as revealed by 16S rRNA gene-PCR-DGGE. Finally, it turned out that control over a restricted bacterial species diversity during fermentation through an ideal post-harvest handling of the cocoa beans will allow the production of high-quality cocoa and chocolates produced thereof, independent of the fermentation method or farm. 相似文献