全文获取类型
收费全文 | 399180篇 |
免费 | 5724篇 |
国内免费 | 974篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 6523篇 |
综合类 | 346篇 |
化学工业 | 62641篇 |
金属工艺 | 18229篇 |
机械仪表 | 13954篇 |
建筑科学 | 8685篇 |
矿业工程 | 3004篇 |
能源动力 | 9597篇 |
轻工业 | 28595篇 |
水利工程 | 4899篇 |
石油天然气 | 11580篇 |
武器工业 | 21篇 |
无线电 | 44859篇 |
一般工业技术 | 83115篇 |
冶金工业 | 67175篇 |
原子能技术 | 11164篇 |
自动化技术 | 31491篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 4338篇 |
2020年 | 3210篇 |
2019年 | 3922篇 |
2018年 | 6442篇 |
2017年 | 6605篇 |
2016年 | 7291篇 |
2015年 | 4528篇 |
2014年 | 7580篇 |
2013年 | 17888篇 |
2012年 | 11839篇 |
2011年 | 15428篇 |
2010年 | 12270篇 |
2009年 | 13614篇 |
2008年 | 13524篇 |
2007年 | 12997篇 |
2006年 | 11204篇 |
2005年 | 10277篇 |
2004年 | 9861篇 |
2003年 | 9452篇 |
2002年 | 9087篇 |
2001年 | 8824篇 |
2000年 | 8591篇 |
1999年 | 8591篇 |
1998年 | 19580篇 |
1997年 | 14005篇 |
1996年 | 10842篇 |
1995年 | 8076篇 |
1994年 | 7177篇 |
1993年 | 7082篇 |
1992年 | 5575篇 |
1991年 | 5512篇 |
1990年 | 5321篇 |
1989年 | 5313篇 |
1988年 | 5099篇 |
1987年 | 4544篇 |
1986年 | 4447篇 |
1985年 | 4880篇 |
1984年 | 4557篇 |
1983年 | 4276篇 |
1982年 | 3934篇 |
1981年 | 4199篇 |
1980年 | 3935篇 |
1979年 | 4155篇 |
1978年 | 4281篇 |
1977年 | 4544篇 |
1976年 | 6017篇 |
1975年 | 3825篇 |
1974年 | 3774篇 |
1973年 | 3855篇 |
1972年 | 3339篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
101.
The kinetics of changes in the bound water content in dietetic sucrose-free sponge cakes (DC) during storage was investigated. The effect of edible films of polymyxan, pectin, xanthan, and carboxymethylcellulose upon this kinetics was also investigated. The quantitative changes in both states of water (slightly bound water and strongly bound water) were registered by combined dynamic analysis (thermogravimetry analysis, TGA, and differential thermal analysis, DTA). The moisture changes in DC crumb were analyzed by drying out to constant mass. The rate constants were determined according the equation q = qoe-kt. The values of rate constants 'k', in day-1, concerning the different edible films were as follows: for crumb moisture is (8.00 ≤ k ≤ 12.47) × 10-3, for bound water is (3.07 ≤ kw ≤ 6.26) × 10-2, for slightly bound water is (4.22 ≤ k1 ≤ 8.49) × 10-2 and for strongly bound water is (2.02 ≤ k2 ≤ 5.62) × 10-2 as compared to 18.53 × 10-3, 7.16 × 10-2, 9.04 × 10-2, and 5.36 × 10-2 in the uncovered DC, respectively. The best water-retaining effect in respect to crumb moisture during storage was ascertained in the use of polymyxan and xanthan films. The lowest rate constant values for bound water and its two states were measured for DC covered with pectin. The relation between the kinetics of both bound water states during storage and ageing of the crumb of DC covered with different edible films and the crumb microstructure was represented. By means of scanning electron microscope was read the smallest change in crumb microstructure of pectin-covered DC on the sixth day of storage. 相似文献
102.
B. A. Afanas'ev E. P. Vinogradova G. F. Smirnov 《Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics》1985,49(4):1185-1191
The article presents the results of experimental investigations of critical (limit) heat fluxes upon evaporation on porous coatings, and it substantiates the physical model of the process.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 607–614, October, 1985. 相似文献
103.
N. A. Sivov A. I. Martynenko G. N. Bondarenko M. P. Filatova E. Yu. Kabanova N. I. Popova A. N. Sivov E. B. Kruts’ko 《Petroleum Chemistry》2006,46(1):41-59
Structures and compositions of the monomers guanidine acrylate and guanidine methacrylate, their homopolymers, and copolymers with diallyldimethylammonium chloride enriched in acrylate comonomer units were determined. It was shown that ampholytic copolymers, owing to their ionic nature, contained comonomeric guanidine acrylate or methacrylate units and diallyldimethylammonium chloride units, as well as the acrylate comonomer with the diallyl counterion and polymeric acrylate and diallyl ion pairs. It follows from IR and 1H NMR data that guanidine methacrylate has the same structure (with two hydrogen bonds) in the solid state and in solutions. Guanidine acrylate structures in the solid state and in dimethylsulfoxide are identical and analogous to guanidine methacrylate structure in this solvent. In water, the guanidine acrylate structure has another type of hydrogen bonding (with one hydrogen bond, where the proton is shifted toward the guanidine group). These features of hydrogen bonding of guanidine acrylate and guanidine methacrylate are also retained in their homopolymers and copolymers with diallyldimethylammonium chloride. It was shown that the thermal stability of the copolymers was higher than that of their homopolymers, confirming the formation of intramolecular ion pairs of oppositely charged units of ampholytic copolymers. Moreover, the thermal stability of guanidine methacrylate-diallyldimethylammonium chloride copolymers is higher than that of guanidine acrylate-diallyldimethylammonium chloride copolymers. 相似文献
104.
It is established that the capillary rise of a liquid has an oscillatory character, in contrast to the commonly accepted opinion that a vertical capillary is filled at a monotonically varying velocity. The value of the tangential shear stress arising in an ascending liquid is evaluated for ethyl alcohol and distilled water. 相似文献
105.
A. M. Kozodaev O. V. Shvedov V. N. Konev B. Yu. Sharkov V. V. Vasil'ev E. B. Volkov N. V. Lazarev A. M. Raskopin G. G. Shimchuk P. V. Bogdanov A. I. Kiryushin V. V. Petrunin E. I. Azhnin E. I. Tyurin I. I. Titaev Yu. P. Severgin A. Yu. Konstantinov 《Atomic Energy》2003,94(1):56-60
The purpose and current construction status, at the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, of an experimental electronuclear setup, combining a pulsed proton linear accelerator (36 MeV, 0.5 mA) and a subcritical blanket thermal-power assembly 100 kW, are discussed. The main equipment is already available or is being built in industry. The setup can be used to investigate the dynamics of the interaction of a linac–driver and a subcritical reactor and problems concerning the accelerator–driver and the target–blanket assembly. The proton beams and neutron fluxes will be used for applied purposes. In the future it will be possible to increase substantially the current and energy of the proton beam. 相似文献
106.
Some methods determine the non-indolyl glucosinolates content in rapeseed as their hydrolysates: the isothiocyanates and the
oxazolidinethiones. These methods in their present form underestimate the amount of the glucosinolates content. In this investigation,
a modified method was developed to give a better quantitative estimate, indicating a glucosinolate level five times that obtained
by a typical existing method. 相似文献
107.
108.
In the paper, a model typical for contact situations of automotive brakes is established based on the method of movable cellular automata. The processes taking place at local contacts in an automotive brake system are analysed. Based on microscopic and micro-analytical observations, the following contact situations were simulated: (i) a couple of ferritic steel against pearlitic steel, both covered by an oxide layer mixed with graphite nanoparticles and (ii) the same situation but without oxide layers. The results of calculated mean coefficients of friction of the oxide-on-oxide contact correspond well to expected values for a real braking system, whereas steel-on-steel contact are twice as high. This allows one to make some conclusions; for example, oxide formation will take place more quickly than friction layer elimination, and finally this is responsible for the stabilisation of the coefficient of friction. 相似文献
109.
Su M.F. Reda Taha M.M. Christodoulou C.G. El Kady I. 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2008,20(10):761-763
Processing methods used in photonics and nanotechnology possess many limitations restricting their application areas such as high cost, inability to produce fine details, problems with scalability, and long processing time. Proximity field nanopatterning is a lithography method which surpasses these limitations. By using interference patterns produced by a two-dimensional phase mask, the technique is able to generate a submicron detailed exposure on a millimeter-size slab of light sensitive photopolymer, which is then developed like a photographic plate to reveal three-dimensional interference patterns from the phase mask. While it is possible to use simulations to obtain the interference patterns produced by a phase mask, realizing the mask dimensions necessary for producing a desired interference pattern is analytically challenging due to the intricacies of light interactions involved in producing the final interference pattern. An alternative method is to iteratively optimize the phase mask until the interference patterns obtained converge to the desired pattern. However, depending on the optimization technique used, one either risks a significant probability of failure or requires a prohibitive number of iterations. We argue that an optimization technique that is to take advantage of the physics of the problem using machine learning methods (here fuzzy learning) can lead to competent mask design. This technique is described in this letter. 相似文献
110.
A 0.9 V 92 dB Double-Sampled Switched-RC Delta-Sigma Audio ADC 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Min Gyu Kim Gil-Cho Ahn Hanumolu P.K. Sang-Hyeon Lee Sang-Ho Kim Seung-Bin You Jae-Whui Kim Temes G.C. Un-Ku Moon 《Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of》2008,43(5):1195-1206
A 0.9 V third-order double-sampled delta-sigma audio ADC is presented. A new method using a combination of a switched-RC technique and a floating switched-capacitor double-sampling configuration enabled low-voltage operation without clock boosting or bootstrapping. A three-level quantizer with simple dynamic element matching was used to improve linearity. The prototype IC implemented in a 0.13 CMOS process achieves 92 dB DR, 91 dB SNR and 89 dB SNDR in a 24 kHz audio signal bandwidth, while consuming 1.5 mW from a 0.9 V supply. The prototype operates from 0.65 V to 1.5 V supply with minimal performance degradation. 相似文献