Super-Stretchable,Anti-Freezing,Anti-Drying Organogel Ionic Conductor for Multi-Mode Flexible Electronics

Due to their intrinsic flexibility, tunable conductivity, multiple stimulus-response, and self-healing ability, ionic conductive hydrogels have drawn significant attention in flexible/wearable electronics. However, challenges remain because traditional hydrogels inevitably faced the problems of losing flexibility and conductivity because of the inner water loss when exposed to the ambient environment. Besides, the water inside the hydrogel will freeze at the water icing temperatures, making the device hard and fragile. As a promising alternative, organogels have attracted wide attention because they can, to some extent, overcome the above drawbacks. Herein, a kind of organogel ionic conductor (MOIC) by a self-polymerization reaction is involved, which is super stretchable, anti-drying, and anti-freezing. Meanwhile, it can still maintain high mechanical stability after alternately loading/unloading at the strain of 600% for 600 s (1800 cycles). Using this MOIC, high-performance triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is constructed (MOIC-TENG) to harvest small mechanical energy even the MOIC electrode underwent an extremely low temperature. In addition, multifunctional flexible/wearable sensors (strain sensor, piezoresistive sensor, and tactile sensor) are realized to monitor human motions in real time, and recognize different materials by triboelectric effect. This study demonstrates a promising candidate material for flexible/wearable electronics such as electronic skin, flexible sensors, and human-machine interfaces.     

A Marine‐Inspired Hybrid Sponge for Highly Efficient Uranium Extraction from Seawater

Marine sponges are used as biomonitors of heavy metals contamination in coastal environment as they process large amounts of water and have a high capacity for accumulating heavy metals. Here, inspired by the unique physical and physiological features of marine sponges, a surface engineered synthetic sponge for the highly efficient harvesting of uranium from natural seawater is developed. An ultrathin poly(imide dioxime) (PIDO)/alginate (Alg) interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel layer is uniformly wrapped around the skeleton of a melamine sponge (MS) substrate through a simple dipping–drying–crosslinking process, providing the hybrid MS@PIDO/Alg sponge with excellent uranium adsorption performance and sufficient mechanical strength to withstand the harsh conditions of practical applications. The maximum adsorption capacity reaches 910.98 mg‐U g‐gel^‐1 for the PIDO/Alg hydrogel layer and 291.51 mg‐U g‐sponge^‐1 for the whole hybrid MS@PIDO/Alg sponge in uranium‐spiked natural seawater. The adsorption capacity measured after 56 d of exposure in 5 tons of natural seawater is evaluated to be 5.84 mg‐U g‐gel^‐1 (1.87 mg‐U g‐sponge^‐1). This novel approach shows great promise for the mass production of high‐performance sponge adsorbent for uranium recovery from natural seawater and nuclear waste.     

人造金刚石热稳定性与包裹体关系的研究

在空气中加热人造金刚石单晶,其起始失重温度在９００℃左右。随着单晶内包裹体数量的增加,金刚石晶体的热稳定性降低。原因是金刚石晶体内存在的包裹体产生一内应力,该应力随温度的提高而增大,最终导致金刚石晶体在加热时产生塑性变形和石墨化。     

主动配电网运行模式对微电网可靠性的影响评估

主动配电网的提出为分布式电源的高渗透率接入提供了有效的解决方案,控制运行方式的改变使得主动配电网运行模式下微电网的运行与传统微电网有所出入,分析了主动配电网运行模式对微电网可靠性的影响,构建元件的可靠性模型,探讨了基于蒙特卡罗模拟的含微电网的主动配电网可靠性评估方法,并对改造后的IEEE RBTS系统进行可靠性评估,对比分析在不同情境下的系统可靠性。算例的评估结果表明,微电网在主动配电网的运行模式下更能提高其可靠性。     

Defect Engineering on Carbon‑Based Catalysts for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction

Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide(CO2)reduction(ECR)has become one of the main methods to close the broken carbon cycle and temporarily store renewable energy,but there are still some problems such as poor stability,low activity,and selectivity.While the most promising strategy to improve ECR activity is to develop electrocatalysts with low cost,high activity,and long-term stability.Recently,defective carbon-based nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention due to the unbalanced electron distribution and electronic structural distortion caused by the defects on the carbon materials.Here,the present review mainly summarizes the latest research progress of the construction of the diverse types of defects(intrinsic carbon defects,heteroatom doping defects,metal atomic sites,and edges detects)for carbon materials in ECR,and unveil the structure-activity relationship and its catalytic mechanism.The current challenges and opportunities faced by high-performance carbon materials in ECR are discussed,as well as possible future solutions.It can be believed that this review can provide some inspiration for the future of development of high-performance ECR catalysts.     

GPS／SINS超紧组合导航系统自适应混合滤波算法

针对传统反馈校正滤波结构中,由于不可观测状态的反馈导致系统滤波精度下降,以及由于全球定位系统／捷联惯性导航系统(GPS／SINS,global positioning system／strapdown inertial navigation system)超紧组合导航系统量测方程的非线性导致滤波难度的增加等问题,本文重新推导了线性的量测方程,并将基于状态可观测性的混合校正滤波算法应用于该模型．通过对比三种主流可观测性分析方法,选用误差协方差阵的特征值和特征向量可观测性分析方法分析系统状态的可观测性．最后根据可观测性分析的结果制定自适应的反馈因子,从而对SINS和GPS接收机误差进行校正．仿真结果显示,该方法可以有效提高不完全可观测系统的估计精度．     

基于ISIGHT的安全气囊盖板结构优化设计方法研究

选取某款弱化沟槽呈“H”形的聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈?丁二烯?苯乙烯共聚物(PC/ABS)合金材质安全气囊盖板为研究对象,并构建了其有限元仿真模型,对比有限元力学仿真分析结果与理论计算值验证了该有限元仿真模型的可靠性;通过ISIGHT软件集成Catia和ANSYS,选取安全气囊盖板弱化沟槽的横向长度、深度,纵向长度、深度4个参数作为设计变量,选取弱化沟槽横向最大应力与纵向最大应力作为响应变量,分析了设计变量对响应变量的贡献度分布特征并采用NSGA遗传算法对响应变量多目标优化。结果表明,横向长度、纵向深度对横向最大应力为负贡献度,横向深度、纵向长度为正贡献度;横向深度、纵向长度对纵向最大应力为负贡献度,横向长度、纵向深度为正贡献度;在合理范围内,4个参数值的优化设计,实现了横向最大应力提高和纵向最大应力降低的多目标优化,有效减少了安全气囊盖板爆破时产生的碎屑量,提升了产品的安全性能。     

三相气提升循环流化床处理焦化废水

实验室规模的研究表明，用三相气提升内循环流化床反应器（ＡＩＬＲ）处理焦化污水比活性污泥法为优。其处理负荷高，ＣＯＤ的进水负荷为１３ｋｇ／ｄ·ｍ＾３，ＣＯＤ去除的容积负荷可达到７ｋｇ／ｄ·ｍ＾３。ＡＩＬＲ对酚、氰等污染物的耐受力强、去除效果好并具有较低的曝气能耗；其ＣＯＤ去除率为５４．４％￣７６％，酚去除率为９９．５％￣９９．８％，氰去除率为９５％￣９９．２％；曝气能耗是活性污泥法的１／３￣１／４。     

陶瓷材料在人工关节中的应用与发展趋势

陶瓷材料具有强度高,耐磨性好,化学稳定性、耐蚀性强和良好的生物相容性,这使得陶瓷材料在人工关节应用上具有很大的优势。这里就用于人工关节的各种陶瓷材料的性质、优点、不足,以及未来陶瓷人工关节材料的发展趋势进行了综合性概述。