数控机床操控器人机界面优化设计研究

目的控制器和显示器共同组成数控机床控制面板的整体界面,是机床接受与执行命令的交互平台。从人机交互角度,聚焦于控制器的界面布局进行优化设计。方法基于人机工程学理论的优化流程,采用现场访谈、现场观察等方法,将人机工程学的理论转化为具体考核指标。结论从人机工程学的研究角度出发,结合工业设计、用户体验设计学等内容,从功能区域分区、操纵器色彩设计等方面优化数控机床控制器的界面,提高系统整体效能及使用者满意度,为数控机床系统开发设计提供参考。     

一种面向事务型数据库的无锁并发B+tree索引结构

为了克服现有多版本并发控制(MVCC)进行数据的并发访问控制中短暂阻塞的缺点,达到读写完全并发,提出了一种基于写时复制的多版本并发B+tree(BCMVBT)索引结构。BCMVBT通过复制分离读写的操作空间以使读写事务在任意时刻完全并发执行,规避比较与交换(CAS)操作带来的高CPU消耗,达到一写多读场景下的完全并发。同时针对现有多版本开发B+tree(MVBT)范围查询的复杂操作,提出了无锁的BCMVBT的范围查询算法和回收机制,从而实现了索引的插入、查询、更新与回收的无锁并发操作。通过与事务型MVBT(transaction MVBT)的对比,在读写并发环境下BCMVBT的时间消耗降低了50%,实验进一步表明BCMVBT在大事务的场景下具有更高的优势。     

小角度仪器零位误差调整方法研究

本文主要研究小角度仪器框式、条式水平仪零位误差校准技术原理,以及不同结构水平仪零位误差不合格时的调整方法。通过本项目的研究,解决了水平仪零位误差调修问题,完善现场校准工作,提高水平仪校准工作的完成效率。     

基于局部特征分块的面部表情识别研究

针对面部表情识别的特征提取与选择问题,本文首先提取出表情的全局Gabor特征以及面部关键点作为局部特征,将局部特征分为嘴部、左眼、右眼三个特征块,然后运用Procrustes analysis对各个特征块中心化、旋转、缩放,降低位置、大小不一致等因素的影响,最后对全局Gabor特征和局部特征分别在不同的PCA保留率下处理,将两种特征融合。实验结果表明,不论是单独的局部特征还是融合特征,block Procrustes analysis均可以显著的提高表情识别的性能,包括提高面部表情识别准确率的稳定性以及提高表情识别正确率的最大值。     

基于虚拟仪器的轴向变量柱塞泵测控系统

为了符合某企业的轴向柱塞泵测试要求,对轴向变量柱塞泵的静态性能的测试方法进行了研究,并设计及开发了该测控系统。该测控系统利用虚拟仪器技术、计算机技术、传感器技术、可编程逻辑控制器技术、数据采集卡技术等多种现代科学技术,实现了机电液一体化的控制。测控系统的关键参数如压力、转速、控制信号的测试精度通过闭环控制得到保证。在建立测试信息数据库后,测控系统能对按测试工序模块化自动连续完成一系列试验的测试。现场测试表明,该测控系统能对多种规格的轴向柱塞的静态性能(排量验证、变量特性、效率特性、超载试验)进行自动测试,同时测试结果良好。     

Ternary interfacial superstructure enabling extraordinary hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis

Realizing large-scale electrochemical hydrogen evolution in alkaline and neutral media by robust and non-noble-metal heterogeneous catalysts is highly ambitious due to the sluggish reaction kinetics at low H⁺ conditions. Herein, highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts, comprising Ni, NiO clusters, and defective carbon, are successfully constructed via a facile and large-scale route. Multiple synchrotron radiation-based X-ray spectroscopic characterizations, combining high-resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements, indicate the formation of ternary interfacial superstructure with intimate interfacial coupling through abundant NiOC bonds. Impressively, the optimized catalyst loaded onto the usual glass carbon electrode exhibits exceptional catalytic activities with overpotentials of 64 and 76?mV to reach 10?mA?cm^?2 in 1?M KOH and 1?M phosphate buffer solution (PBS), respectively, representing one of the best non-noble-metal HER electrocatalysts to date. Insights into the metal/oxide interfacial effects through density functional theory calculations reveal that the interface sites could efficiently lower the energy barrier of the rate-determining step (RDS), contributing to the fast reaction kinetics. This work not only provides comprehensive insights into interfacial feature of highly active HER catalysts but also broadens the fundamental understanding of interfacial effects toward HER catalysis.     

Novel 3D‐Printed Hybrid Auxetic Mechanical Metamaterial with Chirality‐Induced Sequential Cell Opening Mechanisms

New hybrid auxetic chiral mechanical metamaterial are designed and fabricated via multi‐material 3D printing. Due to the chirality‐induced rotation, the material have unique sequential cell‐opening mechanisms. Mechanical experiments on the 3D printed prototypes and systematic FE simulations show that the effective stiffness, the Poisson's ratio and the cell‐opening mechanisms of the new design can be tuned in a very wide range by tailoring two non‐dimensional parameters: the cell size ratio and stiffness ratio of component materials. As example applications, sequential particle release mechanisms and color changing mechanisms of the new designs are also systematically explored. The present new design concepts can be used to develop new multi‐functional smart composites, sensors and/or actuators which are responsive to external load and/or environmental conditions for applications in drug delivery and color changing for camouflage.

     

Enhanced Thermal Conductivity of 5A Molecular Sieve with BNs Segregated Structures

5A molecular sieves have been widely used as adsorbents in cryogenic distillation for hydrogen isotope separation in fusion reactor engineering, but its low thermal conductivity is detrimental to the process stability. Improving the thermal conductivity of 5A molecular sieves is one of the most important goals for high‐performance devices. Here, firm segregated structures with boron nitride sheets (BNs) are constructed around 5A molecular sieve particles. SEM results show 30 µm BNs tend to form the better networks in comparison with that of 0.12 µm BNs at 40 wt% loadings. It is further verified that BNs with the larger size promote the thermal conductivity. Meanwhile, the thermal conductivity increases with the increasing amounts of BNs. XRD and specific surface area results indicate that the sintering and the addition of BNs exert negligible effects on the structure of 5A molecular sieve. These results indirectly show 5A molecular sieve with BNs segregated structures is very likely to be used for the application of hydrogen isotopic separation. Besides, this work provides new insight into the construction of segregated structure in inorganic porous materials.