Identifying the Activation Mechanism and Boosting Electrocatalytic Activity of Layered Perovskite Ruthenate

SrRuO₃ as a rare conductive perovskite ruthenate has attracted increasing attention for application in energy conversion. Here, the electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of thermally synthesized layered SrRuO₃ is investigated and shows a considerable activation during cathodic polarization in alkaline solution. The analysis demonstrates the electrode activation is caused by the increased hydrophilicity of SrRuO₃ surface, revealing the influence of the surface properties on HER performance. For further improving the catalytic activity of perovskite ruthenate, the RuO₂/SrRuO₃ (RSRO) heterostructure is fabricated in situ by reducing the thermal decomposition temperature of 1000 °C for SrRuO₃ to 600 °C. The appropriate lattice parameter of SrRuO₃ ensures a good lattice match, which results in a strong interaction between SrRuO₃ and RuO₂. Hence, the RSRO substantially outperforms the corresponding single‐component oxides. In addition, the increased active sites induced by the rapid improvement of hydrophilicity of RSRO surface further highlight its structural advantage for catalytic hydrogen generation. The experimental and theoretical computation results consistently validate the positive synergistic effect among SrRuO₃ and RuO₂ in tuning the atomic and electronic configuration.     

Ligands in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: From Synthesis to Optoelectronic Applications

Ligands are indispensable for perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) throughout the whole lifetime, as they not only play key roles in the controllable synthesis of NCs with different sizes and shapes, but also act as capping shell that affects optical properties and electrical coupling of NCs. Establishing a systematic understanding of the relationship between ligands and perovskite NCs is significant to enable many potential applications of NCs. This review mainly focuses on the influence of ligands on perovskite NCs. First of all, the ligands-dominated size and shape control of NCs is discussed. Whereafter, the surface defects of NCs and the bonding between ligands and perovskite NCs are classified, and corresponding post-treatment of surface defects via ligands is also summarized. Furthermore, advances in engineering the ligands towards the high performance of optoelectronic devices based on perovskite NCs, including photodetector, solar cell, light emitting diode (LED), and laser, and finally to potential challenges are also discussed.     

3维牙颌模型牙齿分割的路径规划方法

目的 从3维牙颌模型上分割出单颗牙齿是计算机辅助正畸系统的重要步骤。由于3维测量分辨率和网格重建精度的有限性,三角网格牙颌模型上牙龈和牙缝边界往往融合在一起,使得单颗牙齿的自动分割变得极为困难。传统方法容易导致分割线断裂、分支干扰等问题,且手工交互较多,为此提出一种新颖的基于路径规划技术的单颗牙齿自动分割方法。方法 为避免在探测边界时牙龈和牙缝相互干扰,采用牙龈路径和牙缝路径分开规划策略。首先基于离散曲率分析和一种双重路径规划法搜索牙龈分割路径,并基于搜索到的牙龈路径利用图像形态学和B样条拟合技术构建牙弓曲线;然后综合牙龈路径和牙弓曲线的形态特征探测牙龈路径上的牙缝凹点以划界每颗牙齿的牙龈边界轮廓,并通过匹配和搜索牙龈边界轮廓上颊舌侧凹点间的最优路径确定齿间牙缝边界路径;最后细化整个路径以获取每颗牙齿精确的封闭分割轮廓。结果 对不同畸形程度的患者牙颌模型进行分割实验,结果表明,本文方法对于严重畸形的牙齿能够产生正确的分割结果,而且简单快速,整个分割过程基本能够控制在20 s以内。和现有方法相比,本文方法具有较少的人工干预和参数调整,除了在个别牙齿边界较为模糊的位置需要手动调整外,大部分情况都是自动的。结论 提出的路径规划方法具有强大的抗干扰能力,能够有效克服牙缝牙沟等分支干扰以及分割线断裂等问题,最大程度地减少人工干预,适用于各类畸形牙患者模型的牙齿分割。     

A mobile edge computing-based applications execution framework for Internet of Vehicles

Mobile edge computing (MEC) is a promising technology for the Internet of Vehicles, especially in terms of application offloading and resource allocation. Most existing offloading schemes are sub-optimal, since these offloading strategies consider an application as a whole. In comparison, in this paper we propose an application-centric framework and build a finer-grained offloading scheme based on application partitioning. In our framework, each application is modelled as a directed acyclic graph, where each node represents a subtask and each edge represents the data flow dependency between a pair of subtasks. Both vehicles and MEC server within the communication range can be used as candidate offloading nodes. Then, the offloading involves assigning these computing nodes to subtasks. In addition, the proposed offloading scheme deal with the delay constraint of each subtask. The experimental evaluation show that, compared to existing non-partitioning offloading schemes, this proposed one effectively improves the performance of the application in terms of execution time and throughput.     

基于频谱空间域特征注意的音乐流派分类算法

为了提升深度卷积神经网络对音乐频谱流派特征的提取效果,提出一种基于频谱空间域特征注意的音乐流派分类算法模型DCNN-SSA。DCNN-SSA模型通过对不同音乐梅尔谱图的流派特征在空间域上进行有效标注,并且改变网络结构,从而在提升特征提取效果的同时确保模型的有效性,进而提升音乐流派分类的准确率。首先,将原始音频信号进行梅尔滤波,以模拟人耳的滤波操作对音乐的音强及节奏变化进行有效过滤,所生成的梅尔谱图进行切割后输入网络;然后,通过深化网络层数、改变卷积结构及增加空间注意力机制对模型在流派特征提取上进行增强;最后,通过在数据集上进行多批次的训练与验证来有效提取并学习音乐流派特征,从而得到可以对音乐流派进行有效分类的模型。在GTZAN数据集上的实验结果表明,基于空间注意的音乐流派分类算法与其他深度学习模型相比,在音乐流派分类准确率和模型收敛效果上有所提高,准确率提升了5.36个百分点～10.44个百分点。     

基于XML网络管理的MIB转换方法研究

随着互联网规模的快速发展,传统网络管理已无法满足实际需求,一种新的基于XML的网络管理被提出。比较了基于SNMP的传统网络管理和基于XML的网络管理,表明了将XML技术运用于网络管理的优势。介绍了基于XML的网络管理体系结构,并且对过渡阶段所需的SNMP-XML翻译网关进行研究,重点讨论了SNMP-XML翻译网关中的MIB转换技术,即将MIB文件转换为XML文件。     

不同含石量下泥岩土石混合体剪切特性及细观破坏机制

为探究含石量对泥岩土石混合体剪切特性及细观破坏机制的影响,设计了含石量20%~80%共4组试样,分别在0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8 MPa这4种不同围压下进行室内大型三轴剪切试验,研究不同含石量试样的偏应力、体积应变及抗剪强度参数的变化规律;基于数字图像处理技术生成PFC^2D颗粒流数值模型进行一系列数值分析。结果表明：试样抗剪强度随含石量增大而不断增大。与其他类型的土石混合体不同的是,泥岩土石混合体在低围压下呈先剪缩后剪胀的变化规律,且含石量越高,最终剪胀效果越明显;在高围压下始终表现为剪缩,且含石量越低,剪缩效果越强。内摩擦角随含石量增大呈慢快慢的“S”型增长趋势,且在20%~80%含石量内增长较快;黏聚力随含石量增大不断降低,但下降速率逐渐减小。数值试验表明：土石混合体在剪切过程中存在拉剪混合破坏;随含石量增加,土石混合体骨架结构效应越来越显著,剪切带绕过块石,形成多个形状不规则的小剪切带。     

新一代高分辨多接收双聚焦等离子质谱

为了克服元素分析过程中质谱的干扰和提高同位素比测量的精度,高分辨多接收双聚焦等离子质谱已成为有效的手段。本文介绍了新一代VG Axiom高分辨多接收等离子质谱设计特点、实际测量的技术性能及其在分析上典型的应用。     

特殊无缝钢管试压用水压试验机介绍

从国外进口的大壁厚(Max250mm)、大口径(Max1200mm)无缝钢管,为了检验其耐压性能是否达到使用要求,设计了型号为THE-1200水压试验机.介绍这种使用了多项专利技术的水压试验机的系统组成、结构特点及工艺流程,并分析了与国内其它无缝钢管水压试验机的试压不同点.     

厌氧膜-EGSB反应器处理生活污水的研究

厌氧膜-膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器处理生活污水的结果表明,在11～25℃,水力停留时间5,7h、膜出水TOC保持在48mg／L以下,TOC去除率在81％～94％．用高上流速度可以提高出水质量,也有助于减轻膜污染．膜过滤阻力分布测试结果表明滤饼层阻力是主要阻力,