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991.
Leonardo Roberto da Silva Eduardo Carlos Bianchi Ronaldo Yoshinobu Fusse Rodrigo Eduardo Catai Thiago Valle Frana Paulo Roberto Aguiar 《International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture》2007,47(2):412-418
The quality of machined components is currently of high interest, for the market demands mechanical components of increasingly high performance, not only from the standpoint of functionality but also from that of safety. Components produced through operations involving the removal of material display surface irregularities resulting not only from the action of the tool itself, but also from other factors that contribute to their superficial texture. This texture can exert a decisive influence on the application and performance of the machined component. This article analyzes the behavior of the minimum quantity lubricant (MQL) technique and compares it with the conventional cooling method. To this end, an optimized fluid application method was devised using a specially designed nozzle, by the authors, through which a minimum amount of oil is sprayed in a compressed air flow, thus meeting environmental requirements. This paper, therefore, explores and discusses the concept of the MQL in the grinding process. The performance of the MQL technique in the grinding process was evaluated based on an analysis of the surface integrity (roughness, residual stress, microstructure and microhardness). The results presented here are expected to lead to technological and ecological gains in the grinding process using MQL. 相似文献
992.
Terry C. Lowe Ruslan Z. Valiev 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2004,56(10):64-68
Severe plastic deformation (SPD) has emerged as a promising method to produce ultrafine-grained materials with attractive
properties. Today, SPD techniques are rapidly developing and are on the verge of moving from lab-scale research into commercial
production. This paper discusses new trends in the development of SPD techniques suchas high-pressure torsion and equal-channel
angle pressing, as well as new alternative techniques for introducing SPD. The paper also contains a comparative analysis
of SPD techniques in terms of their relative capabilities for grain refinement, enhancement of properties, and potential to
economically produce ultrafine-grained metals and alloys.
For more information, contact Terry C. Lowe, Science and Technology Base Programs, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos,
NM 87545; (505) 667-7824; fax (505) 665-3199; e-mail tlowe@lanl.gov. 相似文献
993.
Wen-Fung Wang 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2007,16(5):533-538
Two types of Hoganas iron powders—sponge (NC), and highly compressible (SC) were investigated. These specimens were compacted
with a pressure of 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 MPa, before sintering in a production belt-type furnace. Steam treatment of
the specimens was at 570 °C for 30 min. The sintered density and as-sintered hardness increase with increasing compaction
pressure, and are significantly influenced by the powder structural characteristics. During steam treatment the type of powder
and compaction pressure have an important influence on the extent of pore closure and weight gain. The maximum hardness was
obtained for the components compacted at a pressure of 500 MPa for both groups of iron powders. Surface pore closure and oxidation
resistance of the steam-treated components are improved with increasing compaction pressure. 相似文献
994.
Young-Wook Kim Yong-Seong Chun Ji Yeon Park Woo Seog Ryu Dong-Soo Park 《Metals and Materials International》2007,13(3):197-200
A new process using SiC fiber fabrics and SiC tapes to produce dense 2D SiC fiber-SiC (SiC/SiC) composites is demonstrated.
The strategy for fabricating the SiC/SiC composites involves: (i) alternately stacking the SiC fiber fabrics and SiC tapes
at room temperature, (ii) pyrolyzing of the stacked composites, and (iii) hot-pressing the pyrolyzed composites. By controlling
the hot-pressing temperature, it is possible to obtain dense 2D SiC/SiC composites with relative densities of >98%. The 2D
SiC/SiC composites show no degradation of the SiC fibers and a higher mechanical strength. 相似文献
995.
D. S. van Vuuren A. D. Engelbrecht T. D. Hadley 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2005,57(10):53-55
The value chain of titanium products shows that the difference between the cost of titanium ingot and titanium dioxide is
about $9/kg titanium. In contrast, the price of aluminum, which is produced in a similar way, is only about $1.7/kg. Electrowinning
of molten titanium from titanium dioxide is therefore believed to have significant potential to reduce the cost of titanium
products. The process is hampered by the high operating temperatures and sophisticated materials of construction required;
the high affinity of titanium for carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen; and physical and chemical properties of the different titanium
oxide species when reducing titanium from Ti4+ to metallic titanium.
For more information, contact D.S. van Vuuren, CSIR, Materials and Manufacturing Technology Department, Meiring Naude Road,
Pretoria, Gauteng 0181, South Africa; +27 12-841 2375; fax +27 841 2135; e-mail dvvuuren@csir.co.za. 相似文献
996.
Design of forging process variables under uncertainties 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Jalaja Repalle Ramana V. Grandhi 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2005,14(1):123-131
Forging is a complex nonlinear process that is vulnerable to various manufacturing anomalies, such as variations in billet
geometry, billet/die temperatures, material properties, and workpiece and forging equipment positional errors. A combination
of these uncertainties could induce heavy manufacturing losses through premature die failure, final part geometric distortion,
and reduced productivity. Identifying, quantifying, and controlling the uncertainties will reduce variability risk in a manufacturing
environment, which will minimize the overall production cost. In this article, various uncertainties that affect the forging
process are identified, and their cumulative effect on the forging tool life is evaluated. Because the forging process simulation
is time-consuming, a response surface model is used to reduce computation time by establishing a relationship between the
process performance and the critical process variables. A robust design methodology is developed by incorporating reliability-based
optimization techniques to obtain sound forging components. A case study of an automotive-component forging-process design
is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the method. 相似文献
997.
Nikolaos Petsas Giorgos Kouzilos Giorgos Papapanos Michalis Vardavoulias Angeliki Moutsatsou 《Journal of Thermal Spray Technology》2007,16(2):214-219
The purpose of the present work was the investigation and characterization of the quality of air in a thermal spray industry,
in Greece. The activities that take place in the specific facility, as well as in most other similar industries, include thermal
spraying and several mechanical and metallurgical tasks that generate airborne particles, such as grit-blasting, cutting and
grinding of metallic components. Since the main focus of this work was the workers exposure to airborne particles and heavy
metals, portable air samplers with quartz fiber filters, were used daily for 8 h. Three samplers, carried from different employees,
were used for a period of 1 month. Results showed that both particles and heavy metals concentrations were low, even in the
production site, which was the most susceptible area. The only exceptions were observed in the case of cleaning and maintenance
activities in the thermal spray booth and in the case of spraying outside the booth. The main reason for the low concentrations
is the fact that most of the activities that could produce high-particle concentrations are conducted in closed, well-ventilated
systems. Statistical elaboration of results showed that particles are correlated with Ni, Cu, Co. The same conclusion is extracted
for Fe, Mn. These correlations indicate possible common sources. 相似文献
998.
999.
Ming Zhou Henry Hu Naiyi Li Jason Lo 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2005,14(4):539-545
High-pressure die cast magnesium alloy AM50 is currently used extensively in large and complex shaped thin-wall automotive
components. For further expansion of the alloy usage in automobiles, novelmanufacturing processes need to be developed. In
this study, squeeze casting of AM50 alloy with a relatively thick cross section was carried out using a hydraulic press with
an applied pressure of 70 MPa. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the squeeze cast AM50 with a cross-section thickness
of 10 mm were characterized in comparison with the die cast counterpart. The squeeze cast AM50 alloy exhibits virtually no
porosity in the microstructure as evaluated by both optical microscopy and the density measurement technique. The results
of tensile testing indicate the improved tensile properties, specifically ultimate tensile strength and elongation, for the
squeeze cast samples over the conventional high-pressure die cast parts. The analysis of tensile behavior show that the strain-hardening
rate during the plastic deformation of the squeeze cast specimens is constantly higher than that of the die cast specimens.
The scanning electron microscopy fractography evidently reveals the ductile fracture features of the squeeze cast alloy AM50. 相似文献
1000.
Edward J. Daniels Joseph A. CarpenterJr. Claudia Duranceau Michael Fisher Candace Wheeler Gerald Winslow 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2004,56(8):28-32
Approximately 15 million cars and trucks reach the end of their useful life in the United States each year. More than 75%
of the materials from end-of-life vehicles are profitably recovered and recycled by the private sector; automotive materials
recycling is a success story. To achieve greater fuel efficiency and safety, today’s cars incorporate an increasing share
of innovative light-weight materials. While these materials greatly enhance efficiency during vehicle use, they can present
special challenges for recycling. These challenges will persist as automotive designs and the mix of materials used in vehicles
continue evolving to further improve safety and performance. To meet the challenges of automotive materials recycling, the
U.S. Department of Energy has recently expanded its collaborative research with industry in this area. This article discusses
this collaborative government/industry approach to sustainable end-of-life vehicle recycling.
For more information, contact Edward J. Daniels, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Building 362, Room C393,
Argonne, IL 60439-4815; (630) 252-5279; fax (630) 252-1342; e-mail edaniels@anl.gov. 相似文献