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971.
It is generally appreciated that the mechanical behavior of granular media depends fundamentally on the interaction of the
constituent particles, and that the validity of numerical models of granular media would be greatly improved with knowledge
of the grain-scale mechanics. However, most supporting experimental work has been conducted on highly idealized materials,
and a limited amount of information exists on grain-scale force–displacement relationships for naturally occurring materials.
To address this shortcoming, we are conducting a program that integrates laboratory experiments on grains of naturally occurring
aggregate with the discrete element modeling method, with the goal of relating the grain-scale physical and mechanical properties
of granular media to bulk behavior. The paper describes the equipment and methods that have been developed to conduct close-loop
controlled, grain-scale experiments under monotonic and cyclic loading conditions, and presents results from an initial set
of experiments on unbonded grains. The implications of the grain-scale results to the discrete element model are discussed.
Discussions center on the applicability of a physically based approach to the mechanics of granular media in general. In light
of future exploration missions and the resulting need to predict the mechanical properties of lunar and planetary regoliths,
the paper examines the potential usefulness of our physically based approach to the problem of predicting the behavior of
the types of materials found in those environments. 相似文献
972.
973.
The study focused on the in-situ synthesis of titanium (Ti)-titanium boride (TiB) composites with β phase in the matrix by reaction sintering of TiB2 with Ti and alloying element powders. The goal was to examine the nature of TiB whisker formation in three different kinds
of powder mixtures: (1) β-Ti alloy powders and TiB2; (2) α-Ti powder, a master alloy (Fe-Mo) powder containing the β-stabilizing elements, and TiB2; and (3) α-Ti powder, a β-stabilizing elemental powder (Mo or Nb), and TiB2. The effects of powder packing and the relative locations of powder particles on the morphological changes in TiB whisker
formation and their growth were studied at processing temperatures ranging from 1100°C to 1300°C. The morphology, size, and
distribution of whiskers were found to be influenced by the powder-packing conditions. A large particle-size ratio in bimodally
packed mixtures led to the formation of a TiB monolithic layer around β grains. With a relatively finer starting powder, smaller size ratio, and trimodal packing arrangement, the TiB whiskers were
found to be distributed more homogeneously in the matrix. The study also used the X-ray direct comparison method and the structure
factor for the β phase to determine the volume fraction of TiB phase from X-ray data. Tensile tests and fractographic investigations were
carried out on selected composites. The evolution of the composite microstructure, the influence of powder-packing variables,
and the morphology and growth of TiB whiskers and their effect on mechanical properties are discussed. 相似文献
974.
G. E. Cirlin V. G. Dubrovskii A. A. Tonkikh N. V. Sibirev V. M. Ustinov P. Werner 《Semiconductors》2005,39(5):547-551
Atomic-force microscopy is used to study the behavior of an array of Ge islands formed by molecular-beam epitaxy on an Si (100) surface in the presence of an antimony flux incident on the surface. It is shown that, as the Sb flux increases to a certain critical level, the surface density of the islands increases; however, if this critical level is exceeded, nucleation of the islands is suppressed and mesoscopic small-height clusters are observed on the surface. This effect is explained qualitatively in the context of a kinetic model of the islands’ formation in heteroepitaxial systems mismatched with respect to their lattice parameters. 相似文献
975.
976.
Our emphasis in this paper has been on the knowledge-based and cognitive issues pertinent for improved interactions between workers and manufacturing computer systems. We believe that these techniques are as necessary and applicable to manufacturing as to any other vocation, especially as the difference in collar color of shop people becomes less noticeable in their increasing role as knowledge workers. 相似文献
977.
An investigation of crack closure and the propagation of semi-elliptical fatigue cracks in Q1N (HY80) pressure vessel steel 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The results of an experimental investigation of the effect of crack closure on the propagation of semi-elliptical fatigue cracks are presented. Load-shedding fatigue threshold tests were carried out at stress ratios of 0.2, 0.35, 0.5 and 0.7. Crack closure was measured at the surface and depth positions using backface strain gauges, near-tip gauges, and a clip gauge. Differences between the surface and depth growth behaviour are explained by considerations of the effects of the transition from plane stress conditions at the surface to plane strain conditions at the depth. The effects of stress ratios are attributed largely to differences in the crack opening displacement, which result in asperities coming into contact to induce roughness-induced crack closure. 相似文献
978.
979.
O. G. Goman V. I. Karplyuk M. I. Nisht 《Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics》1988,54(2):148-152
The method of discrete vortices is used for a numerical investigation of the nonlinear unsteady problem of passage of an axisymmetric body through a coaxial thin-walled cylindrical tube of finite length.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 216–221, February, 1988. 相似文献
980.
AE Pérez Rodríguez L Expósito Rivas O Rodríguez Leyva A Goyenechea Hernández 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1992,44(2):145-148
A discussion is carried out about the experiences with the application of rimantadine and amantadine to patients with influenza. The basic general results consisted in the fact that 2 of the 74 patients treated had a high cure percent (> 68.0%) within the first 72 hours after using the drug. No new diseased were found among the 40 contacts to whom chemoprophylaxis was applied. There were only 3.9% adverse reactions among the total number of people treated with amantadine. 相似文献