化工产业园区循环优化路径研究

受限于各地方的自然条件、经济基础与工业结构方面的差异性,不同地方的工业园区关于生态化产业的建设以及对循环经济的发展运用有显著差异,而且,不同工业园区的成长速度也有着较大差异,体现在可持续发展上就有着各自不同的特征,文章基于化工园区,进行优化分析。     

两水亲性嵌段共聚物修饰Fe3O4磁纳米粒子的合成及表征

本文通过共沉淀法,合成了两水亲性嵌段共聚物聚(乙烯吡咯烷酮)-b-聚(苯乙烯-alt-马来酸酐)(PVP-b-PSMA)修饰的Fe3O4磁纳米粒子。并利用动态光散射法(DLS)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对磁纳米粒子进行表征。结果表明,嵌段共聚物修饰的Fe3O4磁纳米粒子与纯Fe3O4磁纳米粒子比较,分布更分散,为大小均匀的球状颗粒,其粒径在100nm左右。振动样品磁强计(VSM)测试结果显示,在室温、外加磁场下,该磁纳米粒子呈现超顺磁性,其饱和磁化强度为55emuΠg。以上结果表明Fe3O4磁纳米粒子有望应用于磁靶向药物控释、热疗、酶的固定、生物分离等生物医学领域。     

Nickel Nanoparticles Exposure and Reproductive Toxicity in Healthy Adult Rats

Nickel is associated with reproductive toxicity. However, the reproductive toxicity of nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) is unclear. Our goal was to determine the association between nickel nanoparticle exposure and reproductive toxicity. According to the one-generation reproductive toxicity standard, rats were exposed to nickel nanoparticles by gavage and we selected indicators including sex hormone levels, sperm motility, histopathology, and reproductive outcome etc. Experimental results showed nickel nanoparticles increased follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and lowered etradiol (E₂) serum levels at a dose of 15 and 45 mg/kg in female rats. Ovarian lymphocytosis, vascular dilatation and congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and increase in apoptotic cells were found in ovary tissues in exposure groups. For male rats, the weights decreased gradually, the ratio of epididymis weight over body weight increased, the motility of rat sperm changed, and the levels of FSH and testosterone (T) diminished. Pathological results showed the shedding of epithelial cells of raw seminiferous tubule, disordered arrangement of cells in the tube, and the appearance of cell apoptosis and death in the exposure group. At the same time, Ni NPs resulted in a change of the reproductive index and the offspring development of rats. Further research is needed to elucidate exposure to human populations and mechanism of actions.     

600MW亚临界机组综合升级改造后锅炉性能探讨

随着经济发展,对环境保护的要求越来越高。针对大型国产火力发电机组,国家制定了完整的污染物排放控制标准,对某国产600 MW亚临界机组进行综合升级改造。改造的主要内容包括在尾部烟道加装SCR脱硝系统、对空预器密封结构及换热元件进行改造及风机"增引合一"改造。同时还完成了汽轮机汽封改造、在空预器出口烟道加装低温省煤器等,此次升级改造能为同类机组提供借鉴。     

涉外石油工程项目消防水喷淋设计安装要点

结合工程实例,介绍了涉外石油工程项目在消防水喷淋系统选择、设计参数确定等方面与国内项目的区别;对石油工程生产中的压力储罐、常压储罐、输油泵、变压器、空冷器、压缩机等常规设备消防水喷淋系统的设计及安装要点进行阐述,并提出了设计过程中的注意事项和建议。     

消防应急指挥专网引入通信可靠性仿真分析

为以最快速度完成灾难救援,需最大程度降低通信故障概率,保持消防人员处于实时通信状态,对此研究一种消防应急指挥专网引入通信可靠性仿真分析方法,通过计算各消防人员间的通信距离、聚集度系数、通信设备性能、连接偏好系数以及动态连接概率,构建消防应急指挥专网,依据模拟网络通信可靠度函数、无故障通信概率、网络的可用性参数和网络的完成性参数,判断消防应急指挥专网的完成性度数,即可实现通信可靠性分析.仿真结果证明,所提方法在各专网节点间能够很好的完成通信,且效果良好.     

Compositional and structural study of ash deposits spatially distributed in superheaters of a large biomass-fired CFB boiler

Recognizing the nature and formation progress of the ash deposits is essential to resolve the deposition problem hindering the wide application of large-scale biomass-fired boilers. Therefore, the ash deposits in the superheaters of a 220 t/h biomass-fired CFB boiler were studied, including the platen (PS), the high-temperature (HTS), the upper and the lower low-temperature superheaters (LTS). The results showed that the deposits in the PSs and HTSs were thin (several millimeters) and compact, consisting of a yellow outer layer and snow-white inner layer near the tube surface. The deposits in the upper LTS appeared to be toughly sintered ceramic, while those in the lower LTS were composed of dispersive coarse ash particles with an unsintered surface. Detailed characterization of the cross-section and the initial layers in the deposits revealed that the dominating compositions in both the PSs and the HTSs were Cl and K (approximately 70%) in the form of KCl. Interestingly, the cross-section of the deposition in the upper LTS exhibited a unique lamellar structure with a major composition of Ca and S. The contents of Ca and Si increased from approximately 10% to approximately 60% in the deposits from the high temperature surfaces to the low temperature ones. It was concluded that the vaporized mineral matter such as KCl played the most important role in the deposition progress in the PS and the HTS. In addition, although the condensation of KCl in the LTSs also happened, the deposition of ash particles played a more important role.     

基于XML的信息物理融合系统组件建模与仿真

信息物理融合系统（CPS）涉及多种计算模型的集成和协同工作，针对CPS设计方法不统一、重塑性差、复杂度高、难以协同建模验证等问题，提出一种结构化、可描述行为的异元组件模型。首先，用统一组件建模方法进行建模，解决模型不开放问题；然后，用可扩展标记语言（XML）规范描述各类组件，解决不同计算模型描述语言不一致和不可扩展问题；最后，用多级开放组件模型的协同仿真验证方式进行仿真验证，解决验证的不可协同问题。通过通用组件建模方法、XML组件规范描述语言以及验证工具平台XModel对医用恒温箱进行了建模、描述和仿真。医用恒温箱的案例表明，这种模型驱动建立可重塑异元组件并确认其设计正确性的过程，支持信息物理协同设计和边构建边纠正，可避免在系统实现过程中发现问题时再进行反复修改。     

面向机电设备评估的重置成本法及应用研究

由于市场的局限性和设备创造价值的不可分割性，重置成本法在机电设备评估实践中得到了广泛应用。但在应用该方法获取评估值时，对于基本公式的选择以及三大贬值或综合成新率的确定目前存在很大分歧。基于重置成本法的基本公式和定义，综合考虑了机器设备的有形损耗和无形磨损，以实体性贬值、功能性贬值和经济性贬值为基础建立了因素集，并建立了科学合理的计算设备价值的方法，对评估价值量较小且单一的机械设备的价格具有一定的实际意义和参考价值。