青海油田高蜡稠油降黏剂研究

针对青海油田稠油凝固点高、易堵塞管线的问题,分析了稠油族组成,考察了温度和加碱量对稠油黏度的影响,评价了高碳醇酯类聚合物、表面活性剂以及溶剂对稠油的降凝和降黏效果,并与碱复合测试了其对稠油黏度的影响。实验结果表明,温度的升高、碱的加入均可降低稠油黏度,复配降黏剂的质量浓度为600 mg/L时,稠油黏度降至94 m Pa·s,降黏率达85.3%。     

超声辐射催化合成1,4-萘醌

用超声波辐射氧化1-萘酚合成1,4-萘醌。探讨了环己烷用量、过氧化氢用量、超声辐射时间和超声波辐射功率对产品收率的影响。在1-萘酚用量0.5 g,30%过氧化氢溶液用量10.3 mL,环己烷用量3.4 mL,超声波辐射功率120 W,超声辐射时间60 min,1,4-萘醌产率达72.7%。最佳条件下的产率比微波辐射法的产率(50.9%)高。此合成方法所用氧化剂清洁无污染,反应时间较短而且后处理简单,提供了一种绿色合成1,4-萘醌的方法。     

有机硅—聚氨酯嵌段共聚物合成结构及性能的研究——(2)有机硅—聚氨酯嵌段共聚物合成及反应动力学的研究

通过端活性基低分子量有机硅齐聚物与聚氨酯预聚体反应合成了一系列有机硅—聚氯酯嵌段共聚物.研究了反应过程的动力学,确定该反应为高达69%转化之二级反应.测定了反应活化能和频率因子.     

不同分散剂对纳米镍粉在乙醇溶液中分散性能的影响

在对直流电弧蒸发法制备的纳米镍粉Zate电位的测量基础上,选用非离子型和阴离子型两类分散剂,研究了聚乙二醇(PEG200、PEG4000、PEG6000)、油酸及柠檬酸在不同超声时间下对纳米镍粉在无水乙醇溶液中分散性能的影响.研究结果表明,所制备的纳米镍粉表面带正电荷,固定超声功率,加入2wt%分散剂,PEG6000和油酸对纳米镍粉具有较好的分散效果,最佳超声时间分别为6 min和8 min.     

Adsorption of phenol and 1-naphthol onto XC-72 carbon

XC-72 carbon (XC-72) was characterized by SEM, XPS, N₂ adsorption-desorption, particle size distribution analysis and potentiometric acid-base titration. The adsorption of phenol and 1-naphthol on XC-72 was studied as a function of contact time, pH, adsorbent content and temperature. The kinetic adsorption data were described well by the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherms of phenol were described well by Freundlich model, while the adsorption isotherms of 1-naphthol were fitted well by Langmuir model. The results demonstrated that XC-72 had much higher adsorption capacity for 1-naphthol than for phenol. The adsorption thermodynamic data were calculated from the temperature-dependent adsorption isotherms at T=293, 313 and 333 K, and the results indicated that the adsorption of phenol was an exothermic process, whereas the adsorption of 1-naphthol was an endothermic process. XC-72 is a suitable material for the preconcentration of phenol and 1-naphthol from large volumes of aqueous solutions.     

吸附特性曲线测量装置的研制

气相缓蚀吸附特性曲线测量装置结构简单,使用方便。利用它可简便地测定待研究金属在气相缓蚀剂和不同气氛共存条件下表面电位的变化以及其他特特性曲线,它对气相缓蚀剂的研究和教学工作都具有一定的实际意义。     

基于联合强度理论的主动土压力计算方法

考虑结构性黄土的抗拉强度和有限土体对土压力的影响,推导了抛物线加直线形式的联合强度理论。基于此强度理论,建立了土体主动极限平衡状态,推导了无限土体主动土压力的计算公式;通过滑动块体理论推导了有限土体主动土压力的计算公式。通过算例对公式进行了验证比较,研究结果表明:基于联合强度理论计算的土体开裂深度明显小于朗肯土压力理论的开裂深度,且基于联合强度理论土体应存在拉应力区,在此区域内,挡土墙与土体存在胶合力的情况下,需考虑挡土墙受到的拉力和因此导致的局部应力集中;有限土体的土压力小于朗肯主动土压力,且随着挡土墙与既有构筑物距离的增加,有限土体土压力趋近于无限土体土压力。基于联合强度理论和有限土体理论建立的主动土压力计算方法能更合理地评价黄土的主动土压力。     

藏红T分光光度法测定奶瓶中双酚A

基于双酚A(BPA)对羟基自由基氧化藏红T(ST)的Fenton反应具有抑制作用的原理,建立了一种测定奶瓶等中BPA的新方法——ST分光光度法。研究了H2O2用量、Fe SO4用量、ST用量等因素对体系的影响,优化了实验条件。结果表明:在最佳实验条件下,方法的线性范围为1.6×10-5~4.0×10-4 mg/ml,线性相关系数为0.994 8,检出限为1.5×10-6 mg/ml。此法可用于奶瓶等样品的BPA检测,回收率在89%~96%之间,相对标准偏差2.9%~3.2%。     

城市燃气经营企业的“大客服”理念

分析城市燃气经营企业的特殊性以及客户服务特征和关系的基础上,提出城市燃气经营企业的“大客服”理念,阐述其基本内涵.以风险为导向的安全管理,以客户需求为导向的服务管理,以价值传递为路径的企业文化建设为“大客服”理念落地的关键.     

电去离子集成过程分级浓缩与纯化电镀镍漂洗废水

Successive concentration and purification of simulated nickel-electroplating rinsing wastewater was carried out by integrating membrane process with electrodeionization. The concentrate compartments were filled with ion exchange resins to enhance the separation. The concentrate stream of the primary EDI procedure was operated in closed circuit circulation. The influence of the volumetric ratio of resins in concentrate compartments on the separation was examined. It was found that the best performance could be achieved when anion to cation resin ratio of 6∶4 was adopted. With feed Ni²⁺ concentration of 50 mg·L^-1 and pH of 4.25,the Ni²⁺ concentration of effluent dilute stream could reach 2.78 mg·L^-1 while that of the effluent concentrate stream was as high as 11171 mg·L^-1,which gave a concentration ratio of higher than 220. The effluent dilute stream of the primary EDI was then sent to the second EDI stack for deep desalting. Dilute product with resistivity of 1.6—2.0 MΩ·cm was then obtained,which could be recovered as pure water for electroplating. The membrane process integrated with EDI could find its potent role for zero emission and resource reuse of heavy metal wastewater.