Chin Xuan Tan  Chong Gun Hean  Hazilawati Hamzah  Hasanah Mohd Ghazali 《Journal of food process engineering》2018,41(2)

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Tuan Noor Maznee Tuan Ismail  Nor Azowa Ibrahim  Aisa Sendijarevic  Ibrahim Sendijarevic  Christi M. Schiffman  Seng Soi Hoong  Mohd Azmil Mohd Noor  Kosheela Devi Poo Palam  Shoot Kian Yeong  Zainab Idris  Emilia Abd. Malek  Norhazlin Zainuddin  Vahid Sendijarevic 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2018,135(19)

Azelate polyols of 2000 g mol^?1 have been successfully prepared via esterification of renewable azelaic acid with linear diols containing different number of CH₂ repeating units. Structure–property correlation of the azelate polyols had been evaluated in thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs). TPUs based on azelate polyols of longer chained linear diols with >4 CH₂ repeat units retained higher degrees of crystallinity associated with the polyol soft segment. The ratio of hydrogen bonded urethane in the hard segment to free urethane phase mixed with the soft segment in the TPUs showed a complex oscillating dependence with increased number of CH₂ repeating unit in the linear diols of azelate polyols. Correspondingly, static and dynamic properties of TPUs also showed the oscillatory dependence, whereby dynamic properties maximized with odd number of CH₂ repeating unit and material strength maximized with even number of CH₂ repeating unit. The results therefore can be used as guide to select appropriate azelate polyols to target specific TPU performance. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46258.  相似文献   

    

Mohd Zahirasri Mohd Tohir  Michael Spearpoint  Charles Fleischmann 《火与材料》2018,42(1):69-80

This paper describes the application of the flux‐time product ignition criterion and the point source flame radiation model to predict the time to ignition in multiple vehicle spread scenarios. Ten experiments from the literature have been selected due to sufficiency of information required to apply the methods. The outcome of this work is to be applied to a risk‐based model for the design of car parking buildings to determine when and if a fire spreads between vehicles; therefore, the analysis suggests properties of a representative material that can reasonably account for those external vehicle components that are most likely to ignite first. The application of both methods to the complex problem of multiple vehicle ignition requires several assumptions and simplifications which are discussed in the paper.  相似文献   

    

Supri A. Ghani  Siti Hajar Mohd Din  S.J. Tan 《乙烯基与添加剂工艺杂志》2018,24(2):139-146

The effect of carbon black (CB) loading filled (poly[vinyl chloride])/(poly[(ethylene oxide]) (PVC/PEO) conductive films with and without poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) was studied. The PVC/PEO/CB and PVC/PEO/PEGDE/CB conductive films were prepared by a solution casting method. The results indicate that the addition of PEGDE of PVC/PEO/CB/PEGDE conductive films exhibited higher tensile properties, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability compared with PVC/PEO/CB conductive films. The scanning electron microscope micrographs of PVC/PEO/PEGDE/CB conductive films showed a rough surface and a good distribution of CB on the surface of PVC/PEO/CB conductive films. Fourier‐transform infrared spectrum showed that the interaction between the PVC/PEO films and the CB‐PEGDE phase on the surface of the conductive films does not change the functional group of the PVC/PEO/PEDGE/CB conductive films. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 24:139–146, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers  相似文献   

    

Bashirah Fazli  Aziz Shafie  Azuhan Mohamed  Mohd F. Mohamad  Nasehir K. E. M. Yahaya  Normaliza Noordin 《Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management》2018,23(1):24-33

This study describes similarity‐based modelling techniques used to develop a spatially based water quality prediction model to facilitate sustainable lake water quality management. The lentic nature of lakes allows them to slowly absorb pollutants over a long period of time with readily noticeable signs, causing symptoms to appear only when the water quality has significantly degraded, meaning the risk of improper water quality management can be very high. Thus, failure to establish sustainable planning at the watershed scale was found to be a major threat of water quality degradation, from extemporary approaches often practised in lake management. Accordingly, the developed model is tailored for lakes facing moderate to serious water quality data limitation. The geodatabase integrates the identified driving factors of physical, social and water quality with significant influences on the status of lake water quality. A 1 km buffer radius with percentages of built‐up area, population, lake surface area and rainfall is measured. Calculation of a water quality index was then quantified on the basis of a similarity‐modelling technique. Lake Putrajaya was chosen as a control point for developing the indicator index. A total of 93 recreational lakes within Selangor and Kuala Lumpur were selected as modelling points. The results of this study indicated the similarity technique of spatial modelling is sufficiently reliable to be applied as an early assessment indicator. From the 93 lakes in this study, none feel in the category of either “bad” or “excellent,” with the majority being in class 3 (medium water quality status) and only four considered as having a good water quality condition. The balance of 35 lakes was considered to exhibit poor water quality. The model output is an indicator index, providing classification guidelines for the water quality status of the assessed lake as an early assessment tools.  相似文献   

    

Roberto Castro-Muoz  Vlastimil Fíla  Mohd Zamidi Ahmad 《化学工程与技术》2019,42(3):645-654

The effect of CO₂‐philic additive polyethylene glycol (PEG) 200 in Matrimid 5218 on the separation performance of prepared membranes was evaluated in a binary gas mixture. Matrimid/PEG 200 flat‐sheet blended membranes with low PEG concentrations were prepared by the dense film‐casting method. Pure Matrimid and blended membranes were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and permeation measurements. The addition of 4–5 % of PEG enhanced considerably the CO₂ permeability of the Matrimid matrix. The best formulation, Matrimid/PEG 200 (96/4), showed in comparison to pure Matrimid a more than threefold increase in CO₂ permeability and an increase in separation factor of about 40 %.  相似文献   

    

Siti Hajar Saharudin  Jun Haslinda Shariffuddin  Noor Ida Amalina Ahamad Nordin 《化学工程与技术》2019,42(9):1757-1763

Bone scaffold is a three‐dimensional structure composed of materials that could enhance bone regeneration. Bone scaffolds were prepared using freeze‐drying by varying the cockle shell powder concentration where sodium alginate acted as matrix. The scaffolds were then characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, texture analyzer, and liquid displacement method. The bioactivity of the scaffolds was evaluated by immersion into a simulated body fluid solution. Cockle shell powder concentrations affected the bone scaffold characteristics. The increment of the powder concentrations improved the physicochemical properties and bioactivity of the scaffolds.  相似文献   

    

Huei Ruey Ong  Ponnarasy Ganasen  Md. Abul Kalam  Baranitharan Ethiraj  Mohd Sabri Mahmud  Md. Maksudur Rahman Khan 《加拿大化工杂志》2019,97(11):2876-2882

The present study demonstrates the effect of light irradiation on the esterification of oleic acid catalyzed by immobilized Pseudomonas cepacia lipase. The reaction rates of all the experiments under light irradiation were found to be higher than dark conditions. The kinetics of reactions supported the Ping‐Pong Bi‐Bi mechanism with dead end inhibition by both the alcohol and acid substrates. Moreover, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was used to analyze the effect of light on lipase enzyme. The CD spectroscopic studies confirmed that the conformational changes in the secondary structure of the lipase enzyme increased the reaction rate of light‐illuminated experiments, which might have opened up the active sites of enzymes and thus, resulted in higher reaction rates compared to dark reactions. These results have successfully demonstrated that the light illumination positively influenced the rate of P. cepacia enzyme‐catalyzed esterification reactions.  相似文献   

    

Nor Hafizah Ramli Sulong  Siti Aisyah Syaerah Mustapa  Muhammad Khairi Abdul Rashid 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2019,136(20):47529

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is one of the building material capable of enhancing the design and structural integrity of the building. Since its recognition as conventional insulating material in 1950s, EPS has been experiencing swift progress in other new implementations. Currently, EPS is utilized in many building structures owing to its sustainability benefit and improvement in terms of energy efficiency, durability, and indoor environmental quality. This article provides an overview on the application of EPS as aggregates in lightweight concrete, decorative tiles and molding, panel application (structural insulated panels (SIPs) and composite SIPs), and embankment backfilling. Also, this article attempts to describe the properties of EPS in terms of fire behavior, mechanical properties, chemical resistant, water and moisture absorption, and their toxicity to the human and environment. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47529.  相似文献   

    

Norazuwana Shaari  Siti Kartom Kamarudin  Zulfirdaus Zakaria 《国际能源研究杂志》2019,43(14):8057-8069

A proton exchange membrane was synthesized consuming a sodium alginate biopolymer as the matrix and titanium oxide as the nanofiller. The titanium oxide content varied from 5 to 25 wt%. The biomembrane nanocomposite performs better than the pristine sodium alginate membrane based on liquid uptake, methanol permeability, proton conductivity, ion exchange capacity, and oxidative stability outcomes. The unique properties of sodium alginate and titanium oxide lead to outstanding interconnections, thus producing new materials with great characteristics and enhanced performance. The highest proton conductivity achieved in this study is 17.3 × 10^‐3 S cm^‐1, which performed by SAT5 (25 wt%) membranes at 70°C. An optimal content of titanium oxide enhances the conductivity and methanol permeability of the membrane. Additionally, the hydrophilicity of pure sodium alginate is greatly reduced and achieves a good liquid uptake capacity and swelling ratio. The characteristics of the SA/TiO₂ biomembrane nanocomposite were determined with field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry, and mechanical strength analysis.  相似文献