GELYMAC: a Macintosh application for calculating DNA fragment size from gel electrophoresis migration data

A program called GELYMAC takes data on the distances migrated by DNA fragments in a one-dimensional electrophoretic gel and, using a cubic-spline best-fit of marker fragment distance migrated versus molecular size, calculates the molecular sizes of the fragments. Written in the Rascal (Real-time Pascal) programming language, the program runs on the Macintosh family of microcomputers. Rapid entry of marker and experimental fragment migration data is afforded using a scroll bar system adjacent to a graphic representation of a gel. Output includes tabular listing of the data, graphic cartoons of the gel, and the fragment locations and molecular sizes for individual gel lanes, and the calibration curve used in data computations.     

A general framework for debugging

The state of the art of debugging is examined. A debugged process model that serves as the basis of a general debugging framework is described. The relationship of the model to traditional debugging processes and support tools is discussed. A minimal set of requirements for a general debugging framework is described in terms of both the theory behind debugging methodologies and the support tools. An execution monitor, Eden, that serves as a debugging tool within this general framework is described     

The Effect of Moisture Content in Epoxy Film Adhesives on their Performance. II. T-Peel and 105°C Lap Shear Strength

The benefits of adhesively bonded structures are well known. However, the most significant factor limiting the extensive application of metal bonding in primary aerospace structures is the prevailing lack of confidence in its long term durability under hostile environmental conditions.^1,2     

The growth of ambient aerosols in the conditions of the respiratory system

The effect on ambient aerosols of exposure to the conditions of the respiratory system was determined by sampling simultaneously through two dichotomous samplers in parallel. In one of the samplers the aerosol was brought to 37°C and near 100% relative humidity before passing through the virtual impactor. The results show that, as a result of humidification, about 10–15% by mass of the aerosol which would normally been collected in the fine (less than 2.5 μm aerodynamic diameter) fraction of the sample grows sufficiently when humidified to be collected with the coarse fraction. It is suggested that the direct application to inhalation studies of dichotomous sampler results should be approached with some caution.     

Critical Review of the Thermophysical Properties of Fast-Reactor Fuel

This paper identifies the fuel properties for which more data are needed for fast-reactor safety analysis. In addition, a brief review is given of current research on the vapor pressure over liquid UO₂ and (U, Pu)O_2-x the solid-solid phase transition in actinide oxides, and the thermal conductivity of molten urania.     

Formation and Properties of Calcium Aluminosilicate Glasses

The glass-forming region for calcium aluminosilicate glasses has been determined. A number of properties of these glasses (thermal expansion coefficient, glass transformation and dilatometric softening temperature, and refractive index) have been studied. The results of these measurements suggeq that the structures of these glasses may not as closely resemble those of alkali aluminosilicate glasses as is commonly assumed. Evidence is presented which suggests that the binary calcium aluminate glasses may be phase separated.     

Fractoemission from Lead Zirconate-Titanate

We present measurements of the electron, positive ion, and photon emission accompanying the fracture in vacuum of poly-crystalline 95/5 lead zirconate-titanate. The intensities of the charged-particle components of this fractoemission are shown to depend strongly on the direction (relative to the direction of fracture) and magnitude of polarization. The most intense emission is observed when the fracture surfaces are perpendicular to the polarization direction. The emission intensity increases monotonically with polarization. These results are interpreted in terms of a model involving charge separation on the fracture surfaces leading to a microdischarge during fracture. Implications to the interpretation of triboluminesence effects are discussed.     

The function of bleaching earths in the processing of palm,palm kernel and coconut oils

The results presented in the literature, which attempt to elucidate the mechanisms by which triglyceride oils are bleached by earths, are reviewed. The impact of this work and how the mechanistic proposals affect changes in oil properties are considered, with particular emphasis on the needs of the palm oil processor. Important properties include color, metals and phosphorus content and oxidative stability of the oil. Investigations made in our own laboratories have been aimed at elucidating the effect of varying physical and chemical properties of the bleaching earth on the quality of bleached and deodorized oils. Techniques used in this work are pore-size distribution, surface area, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and a variety of chemical and X-ray analysis methods. The ability to vary such parameters in montmorillonite clays by alteration of process conditions to give materials with specific performance characteristics is demonstrated. Comparisons are made between acid-activated montmorillonites and other clay types.     

Optical networks for local loop applications

Some of the options for optical technology within the local loop environment are examined. In particular, passive shared access networks have been considered in some detail. These networks show great promise for delivering existing telephone services to small to medium business customers (4-30 lines) economically by the early 1990s. Extending fiber to the home will also be possible by virtue of a similar passive network infrastructure for customers requiring new broadband services beyond the single telephone line. For one-line plain old telephone service (POTS) customers, an intermediate approach of terminating the fiber network at the final network distribution point, with copper retained for the final leg, may be used prior to the provision of broadband services. A key feature of the passive optical network architecture is the use of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) as an upgrade strategy, allowing graceful upgrading from telephone services to multichannel high-definition television (HDTV) on gigabit/second bearers and full two-way switched broadband services employing wavelength routing across the network     

Long-term transients in a reactor under forced concentration cycling

In the approach to a cycle-invariant state in the forced feed concentration cycling of the CO oxidation over a NiO catalyst, a very long transient has been observed lasting 80 ks or more. This transient appears to be associated only with CO pretreatment of the catalyst and is not a general phenomenon. The slow convergence to the cycle-invariant state reported in certain modelling calculations in the literature appears to have a different cause.