Purification and renaturation of recombinant human lymphotoxin (tumour necrosis factor beta) expressed in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies

High level expression of recombinant human tumour necrosis factor β (rh TNF-β) in Escherichia coli results in the formation of two portions of protein, namely soluble active protein and insoluble protein which is inactive and aggregates in the form of inclusion bodies (IBs). In this study, a procedure for purification and renaturation of rh TNF-β from inclusion bodies has been designed and verified experimentally with a product purity of more than 90% and a recovery of about 30%. The procedure includes washing of IBs with specific wash buffer (Triton X-100/EDTA/lysozyme/PMSF), their solubilization with 8 mol dm^?3 alkaline urea, purification with ion-exchange columns, refolding with renaturation buffer and finally concentration and desalination with an ultrafiltration membrane. The characteristics of the renatured protein were identical with those of purified protein from the soluble fraction as demonstrated by (1) SDS-PAGE, (2) cytotoxic activity on mouse L929 cells, (3) N-terminal amino acid sequence, and (4) gel filtration chromatography.     

Retrospective comparison of photorefractive keratectomy and radial keratotomy

BACKGROUND: The efficacy and predictability of photorefractive keratectomy and radial keratotomy become increasingly relevant. This retrospective study compares one surgeon's experience with photorefractive keratectomy and radial keratotomy over a 3-year period from 1990 to 1993. METHODS: Photorefractive keratectomy was performed on 103 eyes of 76 patients that met the inclusion criteria for the phase IIb, phase III, and phototherapeutic keratectomy studies as delineated by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Radial keratotomy was performed on 117 eyes of 81 patients with up to 9.00 diopters (D) of myopia. RESULTS: In the photorefractive keratectomy group, 83% of the eyes achieved uncorrected visual acuity of at least 20/40; 37% saw 20/20; 88% had a refraction within 1.00 D of emmetropia, and 63% within 0.50 D of emmetropia. For the radial keratotomy group, 85% of the eyes achieved an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better; 27% saw 20/20; 88% had a refraction within 1.00 D of emmetropia; and 55% within 0.50 D of emmetropia. There were no serious complications, and only one single eye in each of the photorefractive keratectomy and radial keratotomy groups lost two lines or more of spectacle-corrected visual acuity. CONCLUSION: Photorefractive keratectomy and radial keratotomy are both effective procedures, and result in similar refractive outcomes for myopia of -1.00 to -9.00 D.     

Luminescence Characterization of Mg Doped Y2O2S:Ti Long Afterglow Phosphor

Y1.94-xMgxO2S:0.06Ti (0≤x≤0.10) phosphors with long afterglow were synthesized by solid state reaction route. The photoluminescence spectra, decay curves, thermoluminescent spectra and chromaticity coordinate curves were investigated. The results show that the luminescence intensity of Y1.94-xMgxO2S:0.06Ti (0≤x≤0.10) phosphors decrease gradually with increasing Mg2 ion content, and the shape of luminescence spectra and chromaticity coordinate change as well. Furthermore, two thermoluminescent peaks in single Ti-doped Y2O2S sample are found at 91.8 and 221.5 ℃, respectively. Nevertheless, significant different spectra were found for the Mg, Ti co-doped Y2O2S samples that three thermoluminescence peaks appear at 52.3, 141.7 and 226.8 ℃, respectively. These results indicate that the co-doped Mg ion changes the inherent trap depth of single Ti-doped Y2O2S:Ti phosphor, and induces simultaneously a new trap level in the Y1.94-xMgxO2S:0.06Ti phosphor. Based on the analysis of thermoluminescent spectra, photoluminescent spectra, decay curve and crystal structure defect, it was proposed that the varied structure defect and introduced new trap level by the doped Mg2 ions should be responsible for reducing luminescence intensity and varying color in the Y1.94-xMgxO2S:0.06Ti phosphor.     

示例学习的扩张矩阵理论

本文提出示例学习的一种计算理论,扩张矩阵论.根据这个理论,示例学习中一些主要最优化问题被证明是NP难题,并给出这些难题的近似解法及下界的估计.     

影响喷气燃料与橡胶相容性的因素

采用几种具有不同初始物理性能及不同丙烯腈含量、不同硫化剂和硫化程度的丁腈橡胶，考察了其配方和物理性能对采用不同工艺条件生产的喷气燃料的相容性。结果表明，喷气燃料与橡胶的相容性不仅与喷气燃料的加工工艺有关，而且与橡胶的组成及其制备工艺有关。采用非加氢工艺生产的喷气燃料与橡胶的相容性好于采用加氢工艺(特别是加氢裂化工艺)生产的喷气燃料。橡胶材料的初始力学性能的好坏并不完全决定其与喷气燃料相容性的好坏，橡胶材料的耐过氧化物侵蚀能力才是影响相容性好坏的主要因素。橡胶的组成和其制备工艺决定了橡胶在喷气燃料中萃取物的数量和组成，不同萃取物的综合作用给相容性带来不同程度的影响。用硫作硫化剂的橡胶虽然原始强度低于用过氧化物作硫化剂的橡胶，但前者与喷气燃料的相容性却远好于后者。     

Modulation of human CACO-2 intestinal epithelial cell phenotype by protein kinase C inhibitors

Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are altered in colon tumors and upon exposure of intestinal mucosa to nutrients. We evaluated the effects of the PKC inhibitors staurosporine and calphostin C on human Caco-2 intestinal epithelial proliferation, motility, and differentiation. Motility was quantitated by monolayer expansion and the brush border enzymes dipeptidyl dipeptidase (DPDD) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) by synthetic substrate digestion. Staurosporine (0.03-1.0 ng/ml) and calphostin C (10(-12) M-10(-4) M) dose-dependently inhibited monolayer expansion and AP but stimulated DPDD. Proliferation was also inhibited but the effects of each inhibitor on motility, AP, and DPDD were preserved after mitomycin C proliferative blockade, suggesting that these effects were proliferation-independent. PKC inhibitors independently inhibit motility, AP and proliferation in human intestinal Caco-2 epithelial cells, but selectively stimulate the small intestinal differentiation marker DPDD. PKC may regulate small intestinal epithelial differentiation.     

高等植物氨基酸生物效应的研究进展

本文对氨基酸营养条件下植物体内硝酸盐含量变化及其机理,土施植物激素前体色氨酸和蛋氨酸对高等植物生长和化学组成的影响。氨基酸和氨基酸肥料对植物产量和品质的影响作了综述。     

Novel Folded Waveguide Resonator Filter Using Slot Technique

This letter presents a primary investigation into developing a compact and low-loss bandpass filter using novel folded-waveguide resonators with a footprint reduction. A slot coupling between adjacent resonators is introduced, which is characterized using full-wave electromagnetic simulations and verified experimentally. Two two-pole folded-waveguide resonator filters of this type have been designed, fabricated and tested. Simulation and measurement results are presented to validate the design and to show the advantages of this type of filter.