Guaranteed cost distributed fuzzy observer‐based control for a class of nonlinear spatially distributed processes

The guaranteed cost distributed fuzzy (GCDF) observer‐based control design is proposed for a class of nonlinear spatially distributed processes described by first‐order hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs). Initially, a T–S fuzzy hyperbolic PDE model is proposed to accurately represent the nonlinear PDE system. Then, based on the fuzzy PDE model, the GCDF observer‐based control design is developed in terms of a set of space‐dependent linear matrix inequalities. In the proposed control scheme, a distributed fuzzy observer is used to estimate the state of the PDE system. The designed fuzzy controller can not only ensure the exponential stability of the closed‐loop PDE system but also provide an upper bound of quadratic cost function. Moreover, a suboptimal fuzzy control design is addressed in the sense of minimizing an upper bound of the cost function. The finite difference method in space and the existing linear matrix inequality optimization techniques are used to approximately solve the suboptimal control design problem. Finally, the proposed design method is applied to the control of a nonisothermal plug‐flow reactor. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2366–2378, 2013     

HNBR/NBR共混物的硫化及热空气老化性能

采用5种硫化体系制备了HNBR／NBR（质量比75／25）的混炼胶,研究了硫化体系对其力学性能的影响和不同热空气老化 度下的老化行为及其差异成因,结果表明：S／TMTD／M／CBS（0．5／2．5／0．5／0．5,质量比,下同）是快速安全的硫化体系,可获得中高程度耐热胶料;DCP／TAIC（7．0／1．5）体系制得的HNBR／NBR硫化胶的耐热老化性能接近HNBR。     

Simulation of gas exothermic chemical reaction in porous media reactor with lattice Boltzmann method

Exothermic reactor is the main part in a chemical heat pump. It involves complex multi-component exothermal chemical reaction in catalyst-filled porous media. The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is developed to simulate the characteristics of fluid flow, heat and mass transfer coupling chemical reaction in the exothermic reactor of the isopropanol/acetone/hydrogen chemical heat pump system. Fractal theory is used to structure a porous medium model in the reactor. The simulation results show that LBM is suitable for the simulation and the conversion has an optimal value with different inlet velocities.     

柴油机附件托架模态计算的收敛分析探讨

运用I-DEAS 11软件对柴油机附件托架进行了实体建模,并用化圆为方的方法对其模型进行了简化,对简化和未简化的模型进行了有限元模态分析比较和收敛分析,结果表明,单元尺寸定义为15 mm时具有最佳的有限元求解精度,但由于单元尺寸较小而造成求解规模增大,致使整机的有限元计算成本增加,故采用单元尺寸为20mm进行整机有限元分析,具有较高精度且能保证工程计算要求.     

An experimental study of flow and heat transfer of supercritical carbon dioxide in multi-port mini channels under cooling conditions

This paper presents the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical CO₂ in a horizontal multi-port extruded aluminum test section consisting of 10 circular channels with an inner diameter of 1.31 mm. Both local and average pressure drop and heat transfer coefficients were measured as CO₂ was cooled in the multi-port circular channels with pressures ranging from 7.4 to 8.5 MPa, inlet fluid temperatures ranging from 22 to , and mass velocity ranging from 113.7 to 418.6 kg/m² s. The results indicate that the operating pressure, the mass velocity and the temperature of CO₂ had significant effects on fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics. The pressure drop and the average heat transfer coefficient increased greatly with increasing the average temperatures of CO₂ in the near-critical region; the average heat transfer coefficient attained a peak value near the corresponding pseudocritical temperature; and the maximum heat transfer coefficient decreased as the pressure increased. Both the pressure drop and the heat transfer coefficient increased with the mass velocity, but decreased with the operating pressure. The measured average heat transfer coefficients were compared with the experimental data reported in the literatures and a large discrepancy was observed. Based on the experimental data collected in the present work, a new correlation was developed for forced convection of supercritical CO₂ in horizontal multi-port mini channels under cooling conditions.     

Effect of a chiral dopant on the electro‐optical properties of polymer‐dispersed liquid‐crystal films

Polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films were prepared by the ultraviolet‐light‐induced polymerization of photopolymerizable monomers in nematic liquid crystal/monomer/chiral dopant composites, and the effect of the chiral dopant on the electro‐optical properties of the PDLC films was studied. It was demonstrated that the addition of a small amount of the chiral dopant increased the driving voltage somewhat but decreased the turn‐off time significantly. Furthermore, the transmittance of ultraviolet, visible, and near‐infrared light of the off state of PDLC films showing light scattering increased with increasing content of the chiral dopant, and the optimum electro‐optical properties of the PDLC films were obtained when the content of the chiral dopant was not more than 2 wt %. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

挤压温度对固溶态Mg-2.0Zn-0.5Zr-3.0Gd合金微观组织及耐腐蚀性能的影响

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜等测试手段研究了挤压温度对固溶态Mg-2.0Zn-0.5Zr-3.0Gd镁合金显微组织的影响。同时,采用浸泡实验和电化学测试等方法研究了合金在模拟体液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明：挤压态合金主要由大的变形晶粒和动态再结晶晶粒组成,析出相由纳米级的棒状(Mg, Zn)₃Gd相和颗粒状的Mg₂Zn₁₁相组成。挤压温度在340～360 ℃时,合金中动态再结晶晶粒的体积分数随着挤压温度的升高而增加,腐蚀速率随着挤压温度的升高而降低。当挤压温度为360 ℃时,合金发了完全动态再结晶,具有较好的耐腐蚀性,静态腐蚀速率为0.527 mm/y,腐蚀形式为均匀腐蚀。当温度升高至380 ℃时,部分动态再结晶晶粒发生异常长大现象,导致腐蚀速率随着挤压温度的升高而升高。     

首都国际机场线东直门车站上跨下穿既有折返线变形控制

新建城市轨道交通穿越既有线为重大风险工程,综合上跨和下穿两种形式的穿越更应严格控制既有线的变形,保证既有线的安全运营.通过第三方监测和微量位移技术相结合的方式,对首都机场线东直门车站上跨和下穿既有13号线折返线工程进行变形控制.监测过程中密切关注隧道结构和轨道结构的变形,发现多次数据超值现象,经过自动化监测系统和顶升系...     

溶血磷脂的制备及其性能研究

溶血磷脂可通过磷脂酶Ａ_２的催化而获得。酶浓度、钙离子浓度、温度和ｐＨ对溶血磷脂转化率都有影响．对溶血磷脂性能的研究表明,溶血磷脂的乳化能力、乳化液在高温和低温下、在不同ｐＨ条件下的稳定性都明显高于普通磷脂,并且具有较强的广谱抗菌能力．     

胰腺癌综合治疗现状及其价值

任何单一疗法治疗胰腺癌都难以获得理想的疗效。目前,可切除胰腺癌的治疗仍以根治性切除为主。放射治疗与手术联合应用,可提高手术切除率,减少肿瘤扩散;术中放疗可以缓解疼痛,提高生存率;对术后辅助放化疗的作用仍有争议。区域性化疗理论上有诸多优势,但仍需数据支持。物理治疗和生物治疗在胰腺癌的治疗中也已经得到广泛的重视。但只有建立以手术切除为主,联合放疗、化疗、物理及生物治疗的综合治疗体系,才有可能根本改变治疗现状,显著提高长期生存率,并改善生活质量。介入治疗作为重要的姑息治疗方法之一,近年来得到了长足的发展。