Sicherheitstechnische Maßnahmen bei der thermischen Abluftreinigung

Safety measures in thermal waste air purification units . Safety problems may arise in thermal waste air purification units from the occasional explosive nature of the exhaust gases, which may cause a flashback into the production plant. This must be avoided by the installation of safety devices that arrest a flashback. The number of such safety devices is determined by the probability of formation of explosive waste air, according to the zone classification of the explosion-protection guide. The principal explosion arrestor devices installed between combustion chamber and production plant are liquid submersion systems, detonation barriers, and dynamic flashback-free inlets into the combustion chamber, all of which must be operated under instrumental surveillance. This report presents a state-of-the-art summary of all suitable procedures and safety devices permitting safe design of systems for thermal air cleaning problems encountered in practice.     

Model reactions on roast aroma formation

Summary From model roastings of mixtures containing serine, threonine and sucrose about 350 volatile compounds were separated and identified by GC/MS. Among them there were more than 100 monocyclic furans, 13 furanones and 8 bicyclic furans, the mass spectra and retention indices of which are recorded. The most important mass spectrometric fragmentation pathways are described. Spectra obtained from roasting coffee under identical conditions are compared with the spectra from model roastings.

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Modell-Reaktionen zur Röstaroma-BildungII. Die massenspektrometrische Identifizierung von Furanen und Furanonen aus der Reaktion von Serin und Threonin mit Saccharose unter den Bedingungen der Kaffeeröstung

Zusammenfassung Aus Modellröstungen von Gemischen aus Serin, Threonin und Saccharose unter den Bedingungen der Kaffeeröstung wurden etwa 350 flüchtige Verbindungen mittels GC/MS getrennt und identifiziert. Unter ihnen befanden sich über 100 monocyclische Furane und 13 Furanone sowie 8 bicyclische Furane, deren Massenspektren und Retentions-indices angegeben werden. Die wichtigsten massenspektrometrischen Fragmentierungswege werden beschrieben. -Die aus einer gleich behandelten Röstung von Rohkaffee erhaltenen Spektren werden mit denen der Modellröstungen verglichen.

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Dissertation Gloria Bochmann, TU Berlin 1984     

Metathesis as a versatile tool in oleochemistry

Olefin metathesis, awarded with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005 for Chauvin, Grubbs and Schrock, has emerged as a powerful tool for organic as well as polymer chemistry. In oleochemistry, this reaction is well known and has been applied for many decades. Examples include the functionalization of the double bonds of different oleochemicals or the (direct) polymerization of plant oils via metathesis. More recent developments, particularly the development of better and more robust catalysts, allow for highly efficient cross‐metathesis reactions opening new possibilities for the direct introduction of chemical functionalities. Within this contribution, the development of metathesis in oleochemistry will be discussed, covering self‐metathesis as well as more recent developments in the field of cross‐metathesis that lead to desired platform chemicals.     

Isothermic growth of one spherulite around circular obstacles in a polypropylene foil

Growth of one spherulite within a thin foil of polypropylene around one circular obstacle or around combinations of circular obstacles is investigated. For each obstacle there exists a region of shadow, seen from the nucleus of the spherulite, which influences the growth of the spherulite. Within any region of shadow the growth fronts are evolvents of the obstacle's boundary, because the spherulite grows isotropically. When two growth fronts belonging to one spherulite meet each other inside the shadow, an intrinsic grain boundary is formed for each obstacle. Additionally, growth of one spherulite around a rectangular obstacle and a spherical obstacle is investigated.     

Zu einem Phänomen der Lochkorrosionsbegrenzung bei hochlegierten Sonderedelstählen und NiCrMo-Legierungen in Chloridlösungen

On a phenomenon of the limitation of pitting corrosion at high alloyed special stainless steels and NiCrMo-alloys in chloride solutions Testing the pitting corrosion resistance of high alloyed special stainless steels and NiCrMo-alloys in chloride solutions there was observed a limitation of the pitting corrosion range toward more positive potentials. Above this limitation, the so-called pitting corrosion limitation potential, the pit initiation by all means is prevented, but the growth of pits which had been initiated before in the pitting corrosion range not necessarily comes to a stop. Therefore current density-potential curves which are obtained by downward polarization after an initial potential jump into the transpassive region and chronopotentiostatic tests are more suitable to investigate this phenomenon than cyclic polarization measurements and potentiostatic alteration tests. There is indicated a dependence of this phenomenon on temperature. The phenomenon of a limitation of the pitting corrosion range toward more positive potentials has been found until now at alloy 926, alloy 31, alloy 28, alloy 59 and alloy C-276.