用试井方法确定注水后地层渗透率的变化

大港油田已进入开发中后期，高含水油田占73％，开发初期的一些参数已不适合现在开发的需要。研究出一套用试井方法确定注水以后地层渗透率变化的方法，对大港油田的增储上产具有重要意义。     

Emergy account for biomass resource exploitation by agriculture in China

On the basis of Odum's ecological economic measure of emergy as embodied solar energy, a system account of biomass resource exploitation by agriculture in China 2004 is developed in this paper, which supplements a former study on corresponding long-term historical trends during 1978 to 2000 (Chen et al., 2006. Emergy-based analysis of the Chinese agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 115, 161–173). The aggregate fluxes and indicators for biomass resource exploitation in China 2004 are calculated and illustrated when compared with those for 2000 to elucidate the latest status of the Chinese agriculture as the exploitation sector for biomass resource. Data sources and algorithm are presented in detail as basic references for related analysis involving the ecological economy of biomass exploitation in agriculture.     

第三只眼看进品保健品

许多国家大多没有严格意义上的保健品概念，美国等国家将其统称为“功能食品”。我国应用“保健品”一词，旨在将其与药品和食品两大门类区分开来。美国的“保健品”发展速度和规模比较大，同时由于其先进的制造和科研技术，引领着世界功能食品的潮流。随着我国社会的发展，保健品的生产和研发也逐步赶上国际的步伐，而大量的进口保健品也已经进入寻常百姓家。     

A time-based energy-efficient analog-to-digital converter

Dual-slope converters use time to perform analog-to-digital conversion but require 2/sup N+1/ clock cycles to achieve N bits of precision. We describe a novel current-mode algorithm that also uses time to perform analog-to-digital conversion but requires 5N clock cycles to achieve N bits of precision via a successive subranging technique. The algorithm requires one asynchronous comparator, two capacitors, one current source, and a state machine. Amplification of two is achieved without the use of an explicit amplifier by simply doing things twice in time. The use of alternating voltage-to-time and time-to-voltage conversions provides natural error cancellation of comparator offset and delay, 1/f noise, and switching charge-injection. The use of few components and an efficient mechanism for amplification and error cancellation allow for energy-efficient operation: in a 0.35-/spl mu/m implementation, we were able to achieve 12 bit of DNL limited precision or 11 bit of thermal noise-limited precision at a sampling frequency of 31.25 kHz with 75 /spl mu/W of total analog and digital power consumption. These numbers yield a thermal noise-limited energy efficiency of 1.17 pJ per quantization level, making it one of the most energy-efficient converters to date in the 10-12 bit precision range.     

Coordinating Agents in Shop Floor Environments From a Dynamic Systems Perspective

In this paper, we address agent coordination from a dynamic systems perspective and propose a dynamic coordination model, which is inspired by biological metabolic systems. A new coordination mechanism through dynamic local adjustment (CDLA) is presented, and coordination is achieved when every agent utilizes explicitly the global system dynamics and performs iteratively a dynamic local adjustment procedure. The CDLA mechanism is investigated in an example multiagent shop floor system. The results show that the example manufacturing process is well-coordinated and the coordination approach is practically applicable and effective     

常减压蒸馏装置阻垢剂进料管腐蚀与防护

通过对常减压蒸馏装置阻垢剂进料管的材质、性能、工作条件及腐蚀形貌、腐蚀产物的全面分析,找出了使进料管发生大面积腐蚀的腐蚀介质为环烷酸.并提出了减缓阻垢剂进料管环烷酸腐蚀的措施,主要包括选用更耐蚀的316或316 L材质以及改进三通结构等.     

准噶尔盆地腹部超压层分布研究

准噶尔盆地腹部普遍发育深层（大于4000m）超压系统，很多钻井都钻遇超压。通过对超压段钻井、地质、测井、地震特征系统研究发现，超压段泥浆密度大幅增加，具有高声波时差、低电阻率以及地震低速的超压响应特征。利用Dix公式计算地震层速度和利用Fillippone公式计算地层压力，得到超压数据体。准噶尔盆地腹部超压在白垩系及其以下沉积地层中均有分布，超压层的深度范围不同。分1井西凹陷边缘以及昌吉凹陷西南有空层现象。超压顶面分布的层位由北往南、从东到西逐渐变浅，从三叠系顶部到白垩系底部。深部超压对油气分布和富集有着重要的控制作用，准噶尔盆地腹部超压层分布的研究将对本区油气勘探起积极的推动作用。     

反应精馏法制备高纯度醋酸甲酯

在中试反应精馏塔中以浓硫酸为催化剂进行了醋酸与甲醇反应制备醋酸甲酯的试验。反应精馏塔的精馏段为填料,反应段为立体催化精馏塔板,采用连续操作,考察了回流比、甲醇进料位置、停留时间、催化剂用量对反应精馏的影响。试验结果表明,当回流比为1.2、甲醇进料位置为第11～15块塔板、停留时间为2.2～2.5h、催化剂与醋酸的质量比为1.07∶100时,塔顶醋酸甲酯的质量分数达到99.50%以上,醋酸的转化率达到99.85%以上。     

拉西瓦水电站工程反拱水垫塘优化设计

在大型高水头水电站中,拉西瓦水电站是我国第一座采用反拱形水垫塘作为特高拱坝坝后消能建筑物的工程,也是我国现有特高拱坝水垫塘中长度最短、宽度最小的工程,其单位水体消能率接近国际经验控制的最高标准。在无规范明确规定和缺少工程资料的情况下,经一系列科研试验和数值计算,优化了反拱水垫塘结构和排水、抽水系统设计等。其经验丰富了我国坝后消能建筑物的设计内容,对我国规范中反拱水垫塘设计规定以及对其他大型高水头水电站坝后消能防冲建筑物的设计具有重要参考价值。     

Development and Commercial Application of a Novel Catalyst DVR—1 for Catalytic Cracking of Daqing Vacuum Residue

A newly developed catalyst type DVR-1 for catalytic cracking of Daqing vacuum resid was put into use in a commercial VRFCC unit,This catalyst features uniquely active matrix and modified ultra-stable zeolite.The commercial application results show that the DVR-1 type catalyst has the advantage of high heavy oil conversion,good metal tolerance nd gooed stability for catalyst regeneration,The FCC tests have shown Favorable product distribution,acceptable product quality and enormaous economic benefits whe processing the feedstock containin 75%-100% Daqing VR.