Convergent Smoothing and Segmentation of Noisy Range Data in Multiscale Space

With few exceptions, most of the existing noise reduction and data segmentation algorithms are only suited to image data. Therefore, an adaptive smoothing algorithm, with model-based masks, within a scale space framework is proposed for range data in this paper. This algorithm smoothes range data that conform to predefined, geometric models, while leaving other data points unaffected. The convergence of the algorithm in yielding dominant features is shown based on its compliance with the anisotropic diffusion concept. The weights of the smoothing masks are adaptively calculated according to the Mahalanobis distances between range data and model-based predictions. These behave as the diffusion coefficient in the anisotropic diffusion equation, thus satisfying the requirements of the causality criterion that no new features are introduced from fine to coarse scales. The computational complexity of this algorithm is examined and compared to that of the well-known RANSAC feature extraction algorithm. Unlike RANSAC, it has the advantage that the computational complexity is less affected by increasing the order of the model, and is independent of the number of model outliers. The proposed algorithm can be used to smooth range data in multiscale space by increasing the number of smoothing iterations. Robust, robot-occlusion-invariant features are then easily extracted from the smoothed data by least squares fitting algorithms.     

Overexpression and elevated plasma level of tumor-associated antigen 90K/Mac-2 binding protein in colorectal carcinoma

The cancer cell secretome may contain potentially useful biomarkers. Previously, we have analyzed the colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cell secretome. In this study, tumor‐associated antigen 90K (TAA90K)/Mac‐2 binding protein (Mac‐2BP), one of the CRC cell secreted proteins, was chosen for evaluation as a potential CRC biomarker because its mRNA level was also found to be significantly elevated in CRC tissues and in a more metastatic CRC cell line from the analysis of two public domain array‐based datasets. Immunohistochemical analysis of 241 CRC specimens showed that TAA90K/Mac‐2BP was positively detected in 52.7% of the tumors, but weakly or not detected in over 95% of the adjacent nontumor epithelial cells. The plasma TAA90K/Mac‐2BP levels were significantly higher in CRC patients (N = 280) versus healthy controls (N = 147) (7.77 ± 3.49 vs. 5.72 ± 2.67 μg/mL, p<0.001). Moreover, combination of TAA90K/Mac‐2BP and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) could outperform CEA alone in discriminating CRC patients from healthy persons in this case‐control study. Our results collectively indicate that analysis of cancer cell secretome is a feasible strategy for identifying cancer biomarker candidates, and the TAA90K/Mac‐2BP may be a potential CRC biomarker.     

Visual lobe shape and search performance for targets of different difficulty

In quantitative models of visual search it has usually been assumed that visual lobe area shape was sufficiently regular to be approximated by a circle or ellipse. However, the irregularities in visual lobe shapes that have been found in studies involving extensive lobe mapping have suggested that lobe shape may have important implications for visual search performance and for the accuracy of mathematical models used for performance prediction. However, no systematic research on the relationship between the shape aspect of visual lobes and search performance seems to have been carried out and no comparisons of visual lobe shape characteristics under the effect of target difficulty have been reported. The current study was conducted to achieve two major objectives in two experiments. Experiment 1 used two different targets (letter 'O' and letter 'Y') to map the visual lobes of subjects in order to provide a systematic and quantitative comparison of lobe shape characteristics and experiment 2 was to investigate the correlation of visual lobe shape characteristics with visual search time under the effect of target difficulty. The visual lobes of 28 subjects were mapped on 24 imaginary and regularly spaced meridians originating from the centre of the visual field to resemble the full field mapping situation. Five categories of shape indices, viz. roundness, boundary smoothness, symmetry, elongation and shape regularity were investigated. The results of this study demonstrated that the visual lobe shapes of subjects elongate horizontally with medium level of roundness, high levels of boundary smoothness, symmetry and regularity for an easy target (O) against a homogeneous background of 'X's. When a difficult target (Y) was used, the visual lobes of the subjects were still elongated horizontally but to a smaller extent and with a low level of roundness, medium level of boundary smoothness and regularity and a similar high level of symmetry to the easy target. Moreover, significant correlations between shape indices and visual search time were found, suggesting mathematical models for predicting search time should not merely rely on area but also should consider visual lobe shape indices. Finally, a universal mathematical model containing several visual lobe shape indices was developed, which was applicable in the prediction of visual search time for a range of similar search tasks.     

A Compact Fourth-Order Finite Difference Scheme for Unsteady Viscous Incompressible Flows

In this paper, we extend a previous work on a compact scheme for the steady Navier–Stokes equations [Li, Tang, and Fornberg (1995), Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 20, 1137–1151] to the unsteady case. By exploiting the coupling relation between the streamfunction and vorticity equations, the Navier–Stokes equations are discretized in space within a 3×3 stencil such that a fourth order accuracy is achieved. The time derivatives are discretized in such a way as to maintain the compactness of the stencil. We explore several known time-stepping approaches including second-order BDF method, fourth-order BDF method and the Crank–Nicolson method. Numerical solutions are obtained for the driven cavity problem and are compared with solutions available in the literature. For large values of the Reynolds number, it is found that high-order time discretizations outperform the low-order ones.     

Java移动代码的授权访问研究

Java移动代码是一种可以通过网络从一台计算机传珐另一台计算机上运行的Ｊava程序,在现代网络计算及电子商务中具有广泛应用,Ｊava的这一显著特性也蕴藏着授权管理上的不足,未授权者可以很容易地非法使用这些程序,针对Ｊava移动代码的这些不足之处,分别对Ｊava Applet及Ｊava Applet及Ｊava Servlet提出了基于数字签名算法的授权与访问控制方案,安全,有效地解决了这种新兴的授权与访问控制问题。     

基于语义的图象检索方法研究综述

对于当前基于内容的图象检索（CBIR）系统来说,在用户的信息需求和千丝万缕诉功能之间存在着重大的差距,要进一步提高现有图象检索系统的能力,需要对图象的内容进行语义描述,对图象的多层语义模型和图象语义的知识表示作了概括性介绍,重点讨论了一些将图象的低层视觉特征映射到图象高怯事义的方法,并指出了利用语义进行图象检索急需解决的一些问题。     

基于性能的LUT结构的FPGA的再设计算法

本文提出一个基于性能的LUT结构的FPGA的再设计算法,该算法采用特征函数以及对原布尔网络进行相应的约束实现电路的再设计。因为不改变网络的拓扑结构,从而避免了在再设计过程中重新考虑电路的时延和布局布线结果。     

NetWare／FOXPRO数据库应用系统的安全

FOXPRO RDBMS是一种安全性很弱的关系数据库管理系统,而一般的FOXPRO数据库应用系统除了口令字机制之外,也很少有其它的保护措施。为此,本文提出一种称为“角色-视图”关系的适应于办公室环境的数据库访问控制策略。在这种策略的指导下,利用NO-VELL NetWare网络操作系统的安全机制,设计了一个在应用层上的FOXPRO数据库系统安全体系。本文所做的研究工作有两个特点：一是数据库系统安全的关键功能利用操作系统和机制来实现,所以系统整体在安全性、性能和开发费用上有较好的平衡;二是整个安全体系的设计符合安全工程的一般开发流程。     

Identification of nasopharyngeal carcinoma antigens that induce humoral immune response by proteomic analysis

A proteomics-based approach has been used to identify proteins that commonly elicit a humoral immune response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Sera from 19 newly diagnosed NPC patients and 19 healthy individuals were analyzed for IgG autoantibodies against NPC proteins resolved by 2-DE. Protein spots that exhibited selective reactivity with sera from NPC patients were identified by MS. Among nine identified proteins, cytokeratin 19 (CK19), Erb3 binding protein (EBP1), and Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor-beta (Rho-GDI-2) induced autoantibodies in more than 36.8% of NPC patients but not in healthy individuals. Furthermore, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining were performed to determine the expression and localization of CK19, EBP1, and Rho-GDI-2 in NPC and normal nasopharyngeal mucosal tissues. Up-regulated CK19 and EBP1, but not Rho-GDI-2, were observed in NPC vs. normal tissue. Subcellular localization of the three proteins in NPC tissue was same as that in the normal tissue. Thus, overexpression of CK19 and EBP1 may be one of the mechanisms for their autoantibody development in NPC. To validate the findings of a proteomic analysis, occurrence of autoantibodies against these three proteins was detected by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis in additional 30 NPC patients, 23 other types of cancer patients and 20 healthy individuals. Results showed that frequency of autoantibodies against CK19, EBP1 and Rho-GDI-2 in NPC patients was significantly higher than that in other types of cancer patients and healthy individuals. We conclude that CK19, EBP1 and Rho-GDI-2 may have utility in NPC screening and diagnosis.