CIGS Thin Films for Cd-Free Solar Cells by One-Step Sputtering Process

Cu(In_1?x Ga _x )Se₂ (CIGS) thin films were deposited by a one-step radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering process using a quaternary CIGS target. The influence of substrate temperature on the composition, structure, and optical properties of the CIGS films was investigated. All the CIGS films exhibited the chalcopyrite structure with a preferential orientation along the (112) direction. The CIGS film deposited at 623 K showed significant improvement in film crystallinity and surface morphology compared to films deposited at 523 and 573 K. To simplify the manufacturing procedure of solar cells and avoid the use of the toxic element Cd, the properties of ZnS films prepared by RF sputtering were also investigated. The results revealed that the sputtered ZnS film exhibits good lattice matching with the sputtered CIGS film with significantly lower optical absorption loss. Finally, all-sputtered Cd-free CIGS-based heterojunction solar cells with the structure SLG/Mo/CIGS/ZnS/AZO/Al grids were fabricated without post-selenization. Furthermore, the results demonstrated the feasibility of using a full sputtering process for the fabrication of Cd-free CIGS-based solar cell.     

JTRAS/OSTBC系统在莱斯信道下的性能分析

在莱斯衰落信道下,研究了使用联合发射/接收天线选择(JTRAS)和正交空时分组码(OSTBC)的多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的平均符号误码率(ASEP)性能。基于标量加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)信道的方法,推导出了分别使用频移键控调制(FSK)和脉冲幅度调制(PAM)的ASEP性能的精确闭合表达式。数值仿真结果与理论分析结果相吻合,验证了分析结果的正确性。仿真结果表明:随着发射天线或接收天线数的增加,JTRAS/OSTBC系统的ASEP性能得到了很好的改善,当使用2FSK调制,信噪比为8 dB时,(4,4;2)系统的误码率是1×10-2,(6,6;6)系统的误码率是2×10-4;莱斯因子对JTRAS/OSTBC系统的ASEP性能有显著影响,当使用2FSK调制,信噪比为10 dB时,在莱斯因子为0时,(4,4;4)系统的误码率是7×10-4;在莱斯因子为4时,(4,4;4)系统的误码率是1.5×10-4;在莱斯因子为100时,(4,4;4)系统的误码率是8×10-5。     

多层套筒结构的红外消热差镜头设计与分析

重点分析了采用多层套筒与波形弹簧垫圈相结合进行热补偿的红外机械消热差镜头,根据光学软件给出的离焦量设计热补偿结构,并运用ANSYS软件对热补偿结构进行了热变形分析。经过试验测试表明,采用多层套筒实现热补偿的镜头在-40~+60℃的范围内成像质量良好。     

Ni3N–CeO2 Heterostructure Bifunctional Catalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting

Developing low-cost and high-efficient bifunctional catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is greatly significant for water electrolysis. Here, Ni₃N-CeO₂/NF heterostructure is synthesized on the nickel foam, and it exhibits excellent HER and OER performance. As a result, the water electrolyzer based on Ni₃N-CeO₂/NF bifunctional catalyst only needs 1.515 V@10 mA cm⁻², significantly better than that of Pt/C||IrO₂ catalysts. In situ characterizations unveil that CeO₂ plays completely different roles in HER and OER processes. In situ infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations indicate that the introduction of CeO₂ can optimizes the structure of interface water, and the synergistic effect of Ni₃N and CeO₂ improve the HER activity significantly, while the in situ Raman spectra reveal that CeO₂ accelerates the reconstruction of O_V (oxygen vacancy)-rich NiOOH for boosting OER. This study clearly unlocks the different catalytic mechanisms of CeO₂ for boosting the HER and OER activity of Ni₃N for water splitting, which provides the useful guidance for designing the high-performance bifunctional catalysts for water splitting.     

A Fullerene Seeded Strategy for Facile Construction of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nano-Onions as Robust Electrocatalysts

Carbon nano-onions (CNOs) as a novel form of carbon materials hold peculiar structural features but their electrocatalytic applications are largely discouraged by the demanding synthesis conditions (e.g., ≥1500 °C and vacuum). Using C₆₀ fullerene molecules as the sacrificial seeds and melamine as the main feedstock, herein, a novel strategy for the facile construction of CNOs nanoparticles is presented with ultrafine sizes (≈5 nm) at relatively low temperatures (≤900 °C) and atmospheric pressure. During the calcination, in-depth characterizations reveal that C₆₀ can retain the melamine-derived graphitic carbon nitride from complete sublimation at high temperatures (≥700 °C). Owing to the N removal and subsequent pentagon generation, severely deformed graphitic fragments together with the disintegrated C₆₀ molecules merge into larger sized nanosheets with high curvature, eventually leading to the formation of N-doped defect-rich CNOs. Owing to the integration of multiple favorable structural features of pentagons, edges, and N dopants, the CNOs obtained at 900 °C present superior oxygen reduction half-wave potential (0.853 V_RHE) and zinc–air cathode performance to the commercial Pt/C (0.838 V_RHE). Density functional theory calculation further uncovers that the carbon atoms adjacent to the N-doped edged pentagons are turned into the ORR-active sites with O₂ protonation as the rate-determining step.     

基于加权最大范数的SAR自聚焦方法

基于最大似然估计的特征向量分解自聚焦算法利用最大特征值对应的特征向量实现对相位误差的估计。该方法虽然具备精确和稳健的性能,但需要对协方差矩阵进行特征分解,导致实际数据在处理中运算量巨大,对内存要求也很高,难以在实时合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像处理中应用。该文提出一种基于加权最大范数的自聚焦方法,通过求解二范数最大化的优化函数对目标特征向量进行估计,避免了特征值的分解过程,有效提升了运算效率;利用信噪比加权的思想,对不同距离单元赋予不同的权值,增强了优质特显点样本对相位误差的估计贡献,有效改善了自聚焦精度。通过实测SAR和ISAR数据处理验证了算法的有效性。     

光学元件面形误差的光滑延展算法

在离子束抛光工艺中,为了提高驻留时间求解算法在工件边缘处的求解精度,需要对原始面形误差数据进行有界光滑延展。推导并提出了一种基于高斯曲线的曲面延展算法,该算法利用了高斯函数的有界性、光滑性和参数连续性。将该曲面延展算法应用于带有高频噪声的面形误差工件的驻留时间求解过程中,驻留时间算法在光学元件边缘处的残余误差得到了抑制,使得驻留时间算法在整个通光口径内的收敛率达到了97%（RMS）。这表明基于高斯曲线的曲面光滑延展算法能实现光学元件面形误差的光滑延展,并具有良好的抗噪声干扰能力,改善了驻留时间算法的求解精度。     

基于嵌入式ARM下的视频监控系统的实现

介绍了一种应用于智能家居视频监控系统的实现方案。通过对嵌入式技术的分析和理解,将无线局域网的特点和优势与嵌入式系统相结合,提出并实现了一种无线视频监控的解决方案。该系统以ARMS3C2440为硬件平台,利用Video4Linux2获得USB摄像头采集到的视频图像数据,将其通过UDP协议进行网络传输,最终在PC端的一个基于SDL库设计的程序上进行实时接收并显示。     

Quantitation Method to the Imperceptibility of ：-Iiding-Vector in Multi-dimensional Hiding Space

Currently, few general methods have been suggested to quantitate the imperceptibility among var- ious hiding algorithms. Especially, it is a challenge to quantitate the imperceptibility of the hiding-vector, which is consisted of orthogonal hiding algorithms in the multi- dimensional hiding space. In this paper, a novel model of general imperceptibility quantitation was proposed. Ac- cording to this model, a quantitation method based on the relative entropy was designed. It is proved under this quantitation method that there exists the global maximal imperceptibility for any specified hiding-vector capacity. An optimization algorithm was proposed to approach this maximum by adjusting the allocation of secret message into each components of the hiding-vector. Experiments with VoIP and bitmap multi-dimensional hiding space validated the effectiveness of the designed quantitation method and the proposed optimization algorithm.