萃取色层技术分离提纯稀土的现状与展望

萃取技术分离难以分离得到高纯单一重稀土,尚需萃取色层技术.本综述简要介绍了萃取色层分离技术要点,对国内外萃取色层技术分离提纯稀土的现状和发展情况进行了综述和分析,提出了萃取色层技术分离提纯稀土所面对的关键技术问题和展望.迄今用于稀土元素分离的萃淋树脂所含的萃取剂主要为酸性含磷萃取剂,包括P507,P204,5709等,制约其工业化应用的主要原因是淋洗酸浓度过高、且需采用梯度淋洗.Cyanex272萃淋树脂是分离稀土的发展方向.结论指出,应加强萃淋树脂对金属萃取饱和容量的提高、减少萃取剂损失及加强传质数学模型等基础课题的研究,为工业应用提供理论依据.预计萃淋树脂技术将会在稀土元素的分离中得到实际广泛的应用.     

Morphology and thermal stability of BR/clay composites prepared by a new method

A new potential preparation method named in situ organic modification was used to prepare intercalated polybutadiene rubber (BR)/clay/dimethyl dihydrogenated tallow ammonium chloride (DDAC) composites. That is, BR, pristine clay, and intercalatant DDAC were directly mixed in a Haake rheometer without pretreating the pristine clay with the intercalatant. The morphology of the BR/clay composites was investigated by means of X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The thermal stability of the BR/clay composites was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dispersion of clay particles in the BR/clay/DDAC composites is much better than that in the BR/pristine clay and similar to that in the BR/organoclay DK4 (modified with DDAC) composites. BR/clay/DDAC composites have much higher thermal stability than the gum BR, BR/pristine clay, and BR/DK4 composites. The clay/intercalatant ratio has little influence on the thermal stability of the BR/clay/DDAC composites, while clay content has a significant effect on their thermal stability. The enhanced thermal stability of the BR/clay/DDAC composites is related to the dispersion state of clay particles in BR. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 905–913, 2006     

基于仿射传播的有向网络聚类算法

现有大多数的网络聚类方法都只是针对无向网络, 已有的有向网络聚类方法建立在传统聚类算法基础之上, 存在着一定的局限性。针对上述问题, 提出一种基于仿射传播的有向网络聚类算法, 该算法首先采用SimRank作为节点之间的相似度, 并将计算得到的结果转换为适应于仿射传播算法的负值; 然后将相似度矩阵作为输入, 利用具有更好性能的仿射传播算法对有向网络进行聚类。实验结果表明, 所提出算法的聚类性能优于其他几种具有代表性的有向网络聚类算法。     

Novel method for preparation of quaternary ammonium ionomer from epoxidized styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer and its use as compatibilizer for blending of styrene–butadiene–styrene and chlorosulfonated polyethylene

A novel method for the preparation of a quaternary ammonium ionomer of styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) was developed by a ring‐opening reaction of epoxidized SBS with triethylamine hydrochloride in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. The optimum conditions were studied. The ionomer was characterized by quantitative analysis, IR spectroscopy, and ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy. Its water absorbency, oil absorbency, dilute solution viscosity, and use as a compatibilizer for the blending of SBS and chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE) were investigated. The results showed that, under optimum conditions, the epoxy groups can be completely converted to the quaternary ammonium groups. The IR spectrum did not exhibit the absorption peak for quaternary ammonium groups, whereas the ¹H‐NMR spectrum and titration method demonstrated it. With increasing ionic group content, the water absorbency of the ionomer increased whereas its oil absorbency decreased. These indicated the amphiphilic character of the SBS ionomer. The dilute solution viscosity of the ionomer in toluene/methanol (9/1) solvent increased with increasing quaternary ammonium group content. The ionomer was used as a compatibilizer for the blends of SBS and CSPE. The addition of a small amount of the ionomer to the blend enhanced the mechanical properties of the blends: 2 wt % ionomer based on the blend increased the tensile strength and ultimate elongation of the blend nearly 2 times. The blends of equal parts SBS and CSPE behaved as oil‐resistant thermoplastic elastomers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1975–1980, 2006     

Al2O3—Si3N4—ZrO2多相复合材料在燃煤MHD发电中的应用

采用Ａｌ２Ｏ３基料，添加第二相（ＺｒＯ２，Ｓｉ３Ｎ４）和纤维相（ＺｒＯ２，（ｆ），以热压法制成Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４－ＺｒＯ２多相复合材料。研究表明，新材料在青静态和动态试验中表现出良好的综合性能：１０７３Ｋ时的高温电阴率ｐ＝１．２４×１７＾７Ω．ｃｍ；静态熔渣最大腐蚀速率Ｖｓ＝０．１６μｍ／ｈ；动态最大腐蚀速率Ｖｄ＝０．４４９μｍ／ｈ。与Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷相比，室温抗弯强度提高９３％，抗热震临界...     

火柴胶质量改进的方向

火柴，在20世纪80年代以前，是一个使用极其广泛的商品。直至今日，在城市虽已大部被汽油或燃气打火机所取代，但在农村却仍有广阔市场。展望未来，很有可能因为石油资源的日益减少和价格的不断上涨。火柴还将可能有它再度辉煌的一日。     

EDTA在尿素换热设备清洗中的应用

草酸法清洗换热设备垢层时对设备腐蚀严重。EDTA能与积垢中的铁离子反应生成溶于水的络合离子,达到清洗积垢的目的,对设备腐蚀程度也小,通过EDTA、Fe含量的变化可判断清洗程度。     

SPE-快速分离柱HPLC法测定枸杞样品中的类胡萝卜素

研究了固相萃取(SPE)富集和预分离,快速分离柱高效液相色谱(HPLC)快速测定枸杞样品中类胡萝卜素的新方法;枸杞样品中的类胡萝卜素用W aters Sep-Pak C18固相萃取小柱预分离,然后以ZORBAX Stab leBound(4.6 mm×50 mm,1.8μm)快速分离柱为固定相,甲醇-四氢呋喃为流动相分离,V(甲醇)∶V(四氢呋喃)=80∶20,用二极管矩阵检测器检测,检测波长为450 nm,枸杞样品中的几种类胡萝卜素在5 m in内可达到基线分离,比常规方法节约时间75%左右。方法标准回收率为95%~103%,RSD为1.9%~2.6%。     

卤水泵机械密封动环材料的研究

针对卤水泵机械密封中由于密封材料腐蚀的难题，研究开发了新型动环材料WC-NiP合金，考察了新材料在卤水中的腐蚀磨损性能。得出WC-NiP合金是卤水泵中作为机械密封动环材料的首选材料。     

抗人A血型杂交瘤细胞高密度培养条件的研究

抗人 A 血型杂交瘤15B_4细胞在 CelliGen 细胞培养罐中进行连续灌注培养,细胞密度达1.6×10~7/ml。每天灌注新培养液量由1000ml 增到2300ml,第14天后又逐日减少至1000ml,死细胞数随着转速的增加和灌注量的减少而增多。血凝效价呈梯度上升,滴度达到2~(14),相当于腹水效价。培养6天 IgM 产量为0.2克/升/天,10～18天波动在1.45～1.8克/升/天。15B_4细胞代谢与葡萄糖、乳酸有关,与氨无关。CelliGen 自控效果较好,适用于杂交瘤细胞的高密度培养。搅拌速度在120～150r/min 对细胞产生的剪切力有明显地破坏作用。溶氧控制系统有待改进。