在铸造过程中实施渗碳的效果及机理

采用在铸型中放置石墨片，然后浇注低碳合金钢的方法，制造表面耐磨材料。分析了铸造过程中渗碳的效果及机理，讨论了影响组织和渗层深度的因素。     

STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION OF TITANIUM-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES BY X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY

As a potential application of titanium-oxide nanoparticles, it is extremely important to investigate a detailed picture of the surface and interior structural properties of nanocrystalline materials, such as rutile and anatase with diameters 7.0 and 4.5nm, respectively. X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been used to identify the local Ti environment and related electronic structure. We combine the experimental results at the Ti edge in both bulk and nano-crystals to determine the lattice distortion in terms of differently characteristic preedge features and the variation in the multiple-scattering region of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra. The relationship between the transition peaks and the surface-to volume ratio is also discussed.     

疲劳裂纹扩展行为的研究现状及钛合金的疲劳裂纹扩展特征

疲劳裂纹扩展行为是现代材料研究中重要的内容之一。论述了组织结构、环境温度、腐蚀条件以及载荷应力比、频率变化对材料疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响。总结出疲劳裂纹扩展研究的常用方法和理论模型,并讨论了"塑性钝化模型"和"裂纹闭合效应"与实际观察结果存在的矛盾。最后,对钛合金疲劳裂纹扩展研究的内容和研究结果进行了概述。     

浅析大型铸锻件质量体系

本文主要从质量体系的产生和发展、质量体系分析的资料、质量体系的环境分析及结构型式分析几个方面探讨分析了大型铸锻件的质量体系 ,可供大型铸锻件生产厂按 ISO90 0 0系列标准分析、设计、建立和完善大型铸锻件质量体系时参考。     

Optimization of post-classification processing of high-resolution satellite image: A case study

The application of remote sensing monitoring techniques plays a crucial role in evaluating and governing the vast amount of ecological construction projects in China. However, extracting information of ecological engineering target through high-resolution satellite image is arduous due to the unique topography and complicated spatial pattern on the Loess Plateau of China. As a result, enhancing classification accuracy is a huge challenge to high-resolution image processing techniques. Image processing techniques have a definitive effect on image properties and the selection of different parameters may change the final classification accuracy during post-classification processing. The common method of eliminating noise and smoothing image is majority filtering. However, the filter function may modify the original classified image and the final accuracy. The aim of this study is to develop an efficient and accurate post-processing technique for acquiring information of soil and water conservation engineering, on the Loess Plateau of China, using SPOT image with 2.5 m resolution. We argue that it is vital to optimize satellite image filtering parameters for special areas and purposes, which focus on monitoring ecological construction projects. We want to know how image filtering influences final classified results and which filtering kernel is optimum. The study design used a series of window sizes to filter the original classified image, and then assess the accuracy of each output map and image quality. We measured the relationship between filtering window size and classification accuracy, and optimized the post-processing techniques of SPOT5 satellite images. We conclude that (1) smoothing with the majority filter is sensitive to the information accuracy of soil and water conservation engineering, and (2) for SPOT5 2.5 m image, the 5×5 pixel majority filter is most suitable kernel for extracting information of ecological construction sites in the Loess Plateau of China.     

Memristive neuron model with an adapting synapse and its hardware experiments

Electromagnetic induction effect caused by neuron potential can be mimicked using memristor. This paper considers a fluxcontrolled memristor to imitate the electromagnetic induction effect of adapting feedback synapse and presents a memristive neuron model with the adapting synapse. The memristive neuron model is three-dimensional and non-autonomous. It has the time-varying equilibria with multiple stabilities, which results in the global coexistence of multiple firing patterns. Multiple numerical plots are executed to uncover diverse coexisting firing patterns in the memristive neuron model. Particularly, a nonlinear fitting scheme is raised and a fitting activation function circuit is employed to implement the memristive mono-neuron model. Diverse coexisting firing patterns are observed from the hardware experiment circuit and the measured results verify the numerical simulations well.     

Challenges and recent progress in thermal management with heat pipes for lithium-ion power batteries in electric vehicles

Electric vehicles(EVs) are globally undergoing rapid developments, and have great potentials to replace the traditional vehicles based on fossil fuels. Power-type lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have been widely used for EVs, owing to high power densities,good charge/discharge stability, and long cycle life. The driving ranges and acceleration performances are gaining increasing concerns from customers, which depend highly on the power level of LIBs. With the increase in power outputs, rising heat generation significantly affects the battery performances, and in particular operation safety. Meanwhile, the cold-start performance is still an intractable problem under extreme conditions. These challenges put forward higher requirements for a dedicated battery thermal management system(BTMS). Compared to traditional BTMSs in EVs, the heat pipe-based BTMS has great application prospects owing to its compact structure, flexibility, low cost, and especially high thermal conductivity. Encompassing this topic, this review first introduces heat generation phenomena and temperature characteristics of LIBs. Multiple abuse conditions and thermal runaway issues are described afterward. Typical cooling and preheating methods for designing a BTMS are also discussed. More emphasis on this review is put on the use of various heat pipes for BTMSs to enhance the thermal performances of LIBs. For lack of wide application in actual EVs, more efforts should be made to extend the use of heat pipes for constructing an energy-efficient, cost-effective, and reliable BTMS to improve the performances and safety of EVs.     

Ultrahigh-performance planar β-Ga_2O_3 solar-blind Schottky photodiode detectors

The low dark current, high responsivity and high specific detectivity could be preferably achieved in detectors based on junctions, owing to the efficient constraint of carriers. Compared with the other junctions, planar Schottky junctions have simple structures and technological demands and are easy integrated. Herein, in this work, we prepared the β-Ga_2O_3 thin film by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition method to construct planar Ti/β-Ga_2O_3/Ni Schottky photodiode detectors with different onstate resistances. Fortunately, all the devices exhibit state-of-the-art performances, such as responsivity of 175–1372 A W~(-1),specific detectivity of 10~(14) Jones and external quantum efficiency of 85700%–671500%. In addition, the dependences of device performances on the on-state resistances indicate that the higher dark currents, photocurrents and photoresponsivities may well be obtained when on-state resistance is smaller, due to the less external power is used to overcome the impendence and condensance at the Ti/β-Ga_2O_3 and Ni/β-Ga_2O_3 interfaces, but contributing to higher electric current flow both in the dark and under illuminations.     

腐解稻草DOM提取液洗脱六价铬污染土壤试验研究

工矿企业产生的铬渣、含铬废水由于管理不善导致土壤铬污染严重,迫切需要寻求低成本铬污染土壤修复技术。提出腐解稻草中溶解性有机质（Dissolved Organic Matter, DOM）提取液洗脱铬污染土壤的技术,通过实验室模拟试验,以2种铬污染土壤（总铬含量为分别为121.54、941.90 mg/kg,六价铬含量分别为119.90、856.90 mg/kg）为研究目标,采用振荡淋洗法考察了固液比、淋洗时间、淋洗次数等因素对土壤中总铬、六价铬洗脱效果的影响,并探讨了淋洗前后铬形态变化及淋洗后土壤残留六价铬的持续钝化能力。研究结果表明：稻草经35 d腐解后的DOM提取液洗脱土壤中铬效果最佳,确定为最佳淋洗剂;固液比1：15、淋洗4h/次、淋洗2次为最佳淋洗工艺条件,该条件下,2种铬污染土壤总铬分别洗脱了47.79%、85.92%,六价铬含量分别削减了51.76%、95.09%;DOM提取液呈弱碱性,包含大量羧基、羟基及酚类物质,对水溶态、弱酸提取态和残渣态铬有较好的洗脱效果,有效降低了土壤环境风险,且能持续钝化淋洗后土壤中残余的六价铬。     

One-step fabrication superhydrophobic sand filter for capillary-driven separation of water-in-oil emulsions

The efficient separation of water-in-oil emulsion is of significance in environment and energy filed, and it has become a world-wide challenge. Herein, we have presented a one-step, facile and low-cost approach to prepare superhydrophobic sands for efficient separation of water-in-oil emulsion. The as-prepared sand layers possessed a water contact angle higher than 151°, demonstrating their superior superhydrophobic property. Besides, the as-prepared sand layers could separate water-in-emulsions with separation efficiency up to 99.7%, which is superior to both traditional and superwettable filtration membranes. The effect of thickness of sand layer on separation performance was also investigated. The results showed that the filtration flux decreased with the increased of filtration thickness while the separation efficiency increased. The as-prepared sand layer proposed by this study is a processing candidate for separating water-in-oil emulsion in practical industry. Additionally,the as-prepared superhydrophobic sand fabrication method also provides an alternative for desert water storage.