时尚

时尚是有规律的.它不是以进步的形式运动,而是在循环中运动.外在的一致性通常会破坏内在的一致性.本文就时尚的规律、时尚的产生与运动过程、时尚与限制性规则、现代时尚的新变革等方面展开讨论.     

煤质劣化对锅炉热量分配影响的机理分析

受能源供应紧张影响电厂经常燃用劣质煤,其主要特点是灰分、水分大而发热量低,以此特征为基础建立一种煤质劣化模型。利用炉内传热相似理论求解方法,以一300 MW燃煤机组炉膛结构设计为例分析了不同劣化程度的煤质对锅炉主要设计参数造成的影响。计算结果表明:随煤中水分和灰分增加单位辐射热量降低,并且水分的影响大于灰分;随煤灰分增加单位辐射热量与单位对流热量之比升高,但随水分增加而降低。高负荷时,随煤中水分和灰分增加炉膛出口烟温略微降低;低负荷时,随煤中灰分增加炉膛出口烟温略微降低,而随煤中水分增加略微升高。     

Formation of CuS pineal microspheres via a pyridine-solvothermal process

CuS pineal microspheres congregated from interleaving nanoflakes with thickness of 40 to 200 nm were synthesized by a pyridine-solvothermal process via the reaction between cupric chloride(CuCl2·2H2O) and thioacetamide(TAA,CH3CSNH2).The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.UV-Vis absorption spectrum,excitation and photoluminescence spectra of CuS pineal microspheres were obtained at room temperature to investigate their optical properties.A possible growth mechanism on the formation of CuS pineal microspheres is proposed.The factors influencing the evolution of morphologies of CuS crystals including the dosage of the reactants,surfactant,and sulphur-source were also analyzed.     

煤牌号和工艺因素对焦炭性质的影响

煤料的组成可以间接评定焦炭的性质，但不能揭示炼焦过程中物理化学变化的实质。根据文献资料介绍，煤料的结焦性是煤的地质成熟期（变质作用）、粘结性（塑化）和岩相不均匀性这三种性能表现的结果。除了以上因素，影响焦炭质量的还有煤的粒度组成、水分、预热制度和炭化室的几何形状。很多焦化厂的科研人员研究了种种预测焦炭质量的方法，概括起来可以用以下式子表示：Mi＝f（Vd，∑OK，y，K，Ms）式中：Vd—挥发分（干基）／％K—炼焦制度准数M—炼焦粒度组成准数∑OK—贫煤总量y—胶质层厚度／mm本文着重介绍备煤和炼焦主要工艺因…     

HMM与神经网络相融合的低资源语音合成方法

为了提高语音合成自然度和稳定性,提出HMM与深度神经网络相融合的,以维吾尔语作为实验语言的语音合成方法.基于深度学习的端到端语音合成方法存在生成速度慢、稳定性及可控性不够好,但是合成语音自然度高,而基于HMM的方法系统稳定性好,合成语音自然度不如端到端的方法.因此,系统前端部分利用HMM(马尔科夫模型)获取维吾尔语固有的语言特征,后端合成部分利用深度神经网络框架建立自回归模型.前端文本分析用HMM模型获取语言特征,后端合成用不同的神经网路模型,并进行了对比试验.最后对于实验结果进行了评测.实验结果验证了基于HMM+BiLSTM的语音合成方法的效果最好.     

Air impingement and intermittent drying: Application to apple and to mango

An original drying process combining air impingement and intermittent drying was studied on apple slices and mango cubes. The influence of four operating parameters (air velocity, drying/tempering periods, upper height, and air temperature) on the drying time and on the drying rate was evaluated. Continuous and intermittent drying were compared. The intermittency α = 1/7 (τ_on = 10 seconds and τ_off = 60 seconds) gave the best results. A time savings of 54% for apple and 67% for mango was reached. In continuous drying, a time savings of 4620 seconds was observed by increasing the air velocity from 6 to 40 m s^?1 for apple. Air temperatures of 328 K for apple and of 328 K or 338 K for mango were determined as optimum to prevent case‐hardening. Experimental results were fitted with the analytical solution of Fick's second law and the modified Page equation (average values R² = 0.985 and 0.961, for apple and mango, respectively). For both products, the apparent moisture diffusivity D_app, the drying constant k, the drying coefficient n, and the activation energy E_a, were identified. Activation energies calculated from the analytical solution were 30.3 and 36.8 kJ mol^?1 and were 25.4 and 30.0 kJ mol^?1 using the modified Page equation for apple and mango, respectively. Mango has an increased temperature sensitivity and thus will need less energy for drying than apple.     

单翼迷宫式滴灌带抗热氧老化性能的影响研究

单翼迷宫式滴灌带产品新国家标准中增加了氧化诱导时间（OIT）,这对产品的抗热氧老化性能提出了要求。本文从滴灌带配方出发,讨论了产品原料与其OIT的料效关系,结果表明,防老化母料的加入比例对滴灌带的OIT影响最大,增加其比例可增大滴灌带的OIT;高密度聚乙烯（PE?HD）的加入比例对滴灌带的OIT影响大于线性低密度聚乙烯（PE?LLD）和低密度聚乙烯（PE?LD）的加入比例,增加PE?HD比例、减小PE?LLD和PE?LD比例可增大滴灌带的OIT;PE?LD的加入比例对滴灌带OIT的影响最小,在配方设计时应综合使用比例合理的PE?HD、PE?LLD、PE?LD以满足滴灌带良好的加工和其他性能要求;防老化母料中稳定剂比例不应随成本而减少,稳定剂比例增大时,滴灌带的OIT增大;通过对滴灌带的熔体质量流动速率（MFR）、炭黑含量及OIT指标测试,得出滴灌带MFR和炭黑含量与其OIT无明显的相互变化关系。     

Influence of the Workpiece Stiffness on the Electromagnetic Sheet Metal Forming Process into Dies

Electromagnetic sheet metal forming is a high speed forming process using pulsed magnetic fields to form metals with high electrical conductivity such as aluminum. Thereby, workpiece velocities of more than 300 m/s are achievable, which can cause difficulties when forming into a die. The kinetic energy, which is related to the workpiece velocity, must be dissipated in a short time slot when the workpiece hits the die; otherwise undesired effects, for example rebound can occur. One possibility to handle this shortcoming is to locally increase the stiffness of the workpiece. A modal analysis is carried out in order to determine the stiffness of specific regions of the workpiece so that an estimation concerning the feasibility of the desired geometry is possible in advance without doing cost and time consuming experiments. Thereby, the desired geometry of the workpiece will be fractionized in significant sectors. This approach has to define the internal force variables acting on the cutting edge, which are required to constrain the numerical model. Finally, a method will be developed with the objective of calculating the stiffness of each sector. The numerical results will be verified by experiments. This article was presented at Materials Science & Technology 2006, Innovations in Metal Forming symposium held in Cincinnati, OH, October 15-19, 2006.     

Enhanced Oxygen Diffusion Along Internal Oxide–Metal Matrix Interfaces in Ni–Al Alloys During Internal Oxidation

A study of the internal oxidation of dilute Ni–Al alloys in an NiO/Ni Rhines pack was performed at 800, 1000, and 1100°C. Considerable deviations from the classical internal oxidation model have been observed. The rate of internal oxidation depends not only on the concentration of the alloying element but also on its nature, which contributes to determining the size, shape, orientation and distribution of the internal oxide precipitates. For instance, the precipitates in the Ni–Al alloys are continuous rods, arranged in a cone-shaped configuration that extends from the surface to the internal oxide front. The observed depths of internal oxidation for the various concentrations of aluminum are discussed and related to the morphologies of the internal oxide precipitates. The apparent N^(s) _oD_o values determined from internal oxide penetrations increase with increasing solute content in the alloy. It is postulated that diffusivity of oxygen is enhanced along the internal oxide–metal matrix interface compared with that in the metal matrix.     

Gas Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of Si_(1-x)Ge_x/Si Alloys

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