Formulation of a Biodegradable Detergent for Cleaning Oily Residues Generated during Industrial Processes

The use of toxic petroleum-based heavy oils is common in industrial processes. The cleaning of machines, equipment, and other surface covered in these oils is achieved with expensive products that are often also toxic and harmful to both the health of workers and the environment. The present paper proposes the development of a sustainable biodetergent made from plant-based materials. Tests were performed to determine the properties of the biodetergent in terms of its surfactant and emulsifying capacities, stability, toxicity, and the removal of heavy oil from glass plates and metallic surfaces. The formulation was composed of a natural solvent (cottonseed oil), a plant-based surfactant agent (saponin), and two natural stabilizers (carboxymethylcellulose and glycerine). The formulation was stable, nontoxic, and highly efficient, removing 100% of the heavy oil from glass and metallic surfaces. This solution developed in this study could be used in diverse industries with the need to clean machines and parts encrusted with oil and grease as well as the cleaning of floors covered with petroleum-based residues. A preliminary analysis of the economic feasibility of using the detergent was carried out at a Brazilian power plant. Besides the reduction in environmental impact due to the use of a nontoxic, biodegradable product as well as the reduction in health risks to workers associated with toxic cleaning products, this new product can have a considerable impact on the market as an environmentally friendly solution.     

高职院校学生创业意向影响因素研究

采取简单随机方法,从菏泽家政职业学院各个系随机选取6个班,以笔者自拟的调查问卷对该6个班的全体学生进行问卷调查,并采用二元logistic回归分析对问卷调查的结果进行多因素分析,最后得出结论,性别、所学专业、专业知识和技能、家人态度、创业资金来源、他人影响对高职院校学生创业意向的影响不显著,而内控制源、创业能效感、风险忍耐度、政府支持对高职院校学生创业意向有显著影响。     

新疆东天山灵北地区康南岩体岩石学#br# 特征及其构造意义

研究区位于新疆东天山觉罗塔格造山带吐哈盆地以南百灵山以北,多年来对于研究区古生代构造背景的认识受前人热议,存在争议。通过对研究区新发现基性岩体的岩石、地球化学特征与构造背景进行探讨,以期为大区域构造背景的研究提供一定的数据支持。主量元素研究表明,康南岩体具有高Mg、Fe,低Al的特征,说明研究区基性侵入岩为碱性岩石系列。微量元素测试结果表明具有同源演化的特征,Rb、Hf元素亏损较为严重。K、Ba、P、Sm富集明显,Tb、Nb、Ti表现为弱异常,在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图中Eu的负异常不明显,表现为弱的正异常, Yb+Nb-Rb构造环境判别图解中样品落在“后碰撞”环境内,以上特征说明具有岛弧花岗岩的基本特征。岩性为深灰绿色弱蚀变细粒橄榄辉绿岩。     

散射法测量管道油垢厚度的进一步研究

用Monte-Carlo方法模拟计算了有、无保温层时输油管道不同油垢厚度d的散射γ射线计数,建立了计数与油垢厚度的响应关系.结果表明,计数随d增加而增长,呈指数曲线形状;通过增大源管距t或增大源距h,可探测的最大油垢厚度dM会增加;有保温层时的dM值小于无保温层时的值.此方法能实现对输油管道油垢厚度的无损检测.     

Experimental and post-test calculation results of the integral reflood test QUENCH-12 with a VVER-type bundle

The QUENCH-12 experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of VVER materials (niobium-bearing alloys) and bundle geometry on core reflood, in comparison with test QUENCH-06 using western PWR materials (Zircaloy-4) and bundle geometry. The test protocol involved pre-oxidation to a maximum of about 150 μm oxide thickness at a temperature of about 1450 K, followed by a power ramp until a temperature of 2050 K was reached, then reflood with water at room temperature was initiated. The total hydrogen production was 58 g (QUENCH-06: 36 g), 24 g of which were released during reflood (QUENCH-06: 4 g). Reasons for the increased hydrogen production may be extensive damaging of the cladding surfaces due to the breakaway oxidation and local melt formation with subsequent melt oxidation. Post-test videoscope observations and metallographic investigations showed an influence of the breakaway oxidation with extensive spalling of oxide scales of rod claddings, shroud and auxiliary corner rods. The hydrogen content in the corner rods, withdrawn from the bundle during the test, reached more than 30 at% at the bundle elevations of 850 and 1100 mm. Post-test calculations were performed with local versions of SCDAP/RELAP5 following on from pre-test analyses with SCDAP/RELAP5 and SCDAPSIM.     

Neutronics design analyses of fusion power reactors based on a novel integral approach

A novel integral approach was applied for the nuclear design analyses performed for the European DEMO Conceptual Study including, for the first time, the automatic generation of analysis models for Monte Carlo calculations from available CAD geometry data by the new McCad conversion tool. Starting from neutronics pre-analyses to define the radial reactor build, a generic neutronics CAD model of the DEMO reactor was constructed serving as basis for the generation of DEMO reactor models employing the HCLL (Helium Cooled Lithium Lead) and HCPB (Helium Cooled Pebble Bed) blankets for the tritium breeding and the power production. The HCLL and HCPB DEMO reactor models were converted to the MCNP geometry representation by the newly developed McCad software tool. The nuclear analyses performed on the basis of MCNP Monte Carlo calculations using the converted models showed that both DEMO reactor variants could satisfy the requirements for a sufficient shielding and tritium breeding performance. As a major outcome of this work it is concluded that the newly established integral approach for neutronics analyses, including the automatic generation of analysis geometry models by McCad, is mature for applications to reactor design analyses and studies.     

废水中Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附热力学和动力学研究进展

含铬废液中三价铬含量控制是含铬废液处理的重要组成部分。作为微量元素,体内含铬量不能超标吸收或体内缺失。铬在不同情形下显示不同形态化学变化。三价铬吸附热力学与动力学为从宏观和微观角度理解三价铬在吸附剂上的吸附行为提供理论基础。本文介绍铬价态变化、三价铬含量的传统与最新测试方式,分析近期三价铬吸附相关文献的吸附热力学与动力学成果,为进一步准确分析三价铬的吸附热力学函数和吸附参数随时间的变化提供理论依据,并指出目前的废水Cr(Ⅲ)吸附热力学与动力学中的研究空白。     

纤维增强沙漠砂砂浆砖砌体轴心受压性能试验研究

为了研究沙漠砂砂浆和CBF纤维增强砂浆对砖砌体轴心受压性能的影响,设计了4组砂浆配合比,并砌筑4组砖砌体轴心受压试件,以普通砂砂浆砖砌体作为对比组,研究沙漠砂砂浆和纤维增强砂浆砖砌体轴心受压性能,结果表明：可以配制出与普通砂砂浆相同强度等级的沙漠砂砂浆,沙漠砂砂浆砌体轴心受压性能和普通砂砂浆砖砌体类似,都表现出明显的脆性破坏特征;0.1%CBF纤维掺量和20%沙漠砂替代率为最优组合,其轴心受压脆性破坏程度明显降低,抗压强度和弹性模量明显高于普通砂砂浆砖砌体。     

解KDV方程的一个二阶三层差分格式

本文讨论KDV方程定界问题的数值解法。对KDV方程构造了一个二阶三层的差分格式,并对非线性项进行了线性化,使格式的近似解更精确。通过严格的误差估计证明了非线性稳定性。数值实验结果表明了理论证明的正确性和格式的有效性。该格式是可行的,有推广价值。