0℃以下含SDS的甲烷水合物生成方式及过程对其分解速率的影响

The dissociation rates of methane hydrates formed with and without the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate(methane-SDS hydrates),were measured under atmospheric pressure and temperatures below ice point to investigate the influence of the hydrate production conditions and manners upon its dissociation kinetic behavior.The experimental results demonstrated that the dissociation rate of methane hydrate below ice point is strongly dependent on the manners of hydrate formation and processing.The dissociation rate of hydrate formed quiescently was lower than that of hydrate formed with stirring;the dissociation rate of hydrate formed at lower pressure was higher than that of hydrate formed at higher pressure;the compaction of hydrate after its formation lowered its stability,i.e.,increased its dissociation rate.The stability of hydrate could be increased by prolonging the time period for which hydrate was held at formation temperature and pressure before it was cooled down,or by prolonging the time period for which hydrate was held at dissociation temperature and formation pressure before it was depressurized to atmospheric pressure.It was found that the dissociation rate of methane hydrate varied with the temperature(ranging from 245.2 to 272.2 K) anomalously as reported on the dissociation of methane hydrate without the presence of surfactant as kinetic promoter.The dissociation rate at 268 K was found to be the lowest when the manners and conditions at which hydrates were formed and processed were fixed.     

Kinetic and Phase Behaviors of Catalytic Cracking Dry Gas Hydrate in Water-in-Oil Emulsion

The systematic experimental studies were performed on the hydrate formation kinetics and gas-hydrate equilibrium for a simulated catalytic cracking gas in the water-in-oil emulsion. The effect of temperature, pressure and initial gas-liquid ratio on the hydrate formation was studied, respectively. The data were obtained at pressures ranging from 3.5 to 5 MPa and temperatures from 274.15 to 277.15 K. The results showed that hydrogen and methane can be separated from the C₂₊ fraction by forming hydrate at around 273.15 K which is much higher temperature than that of the cryogenic separation method, and the hydrate formation rate can be enhanced in the water-in-oil emulsion compared to pure water. The experiments provided the basic data for designing the industrial process, and setting the suitable operational conditions. The measured data of gas-hydrate equilibria were compared with the predictions by using the Chen-Guo hydrate thermodynamic model.     

中试装置内水合物注抑制剂的分解规律

单纯降压法开采天然气水合物容易遇到地层传热速率慢的问题导致体系温度压力长期处于相平衡状态,因而严重拉长了开采时间。为解决降压法开采过程中低温区域水合物分解过慢的问题,本文利用三维装置研究了注化学剂法开采过程中水合物分解和产气规律。根据反应釜内温度和压力的变化,全面分析了注入过程、焖井过程对水合物分解的影响。结果表明,对于单井吞吐法,在注入抑制剂阶段可以刺激水合物快速分解,但不宜采用过大的注入量和过多的注入次数,过大的注入量和注入次数会增大堵塞风险导致开采时间被大大延长。相较于小型实验装置,中试级别实验由于注入时间长,抑制剂在注入阶段已经得到较为充分的运移,因而焖井时间不能过长,控制在40min左右为宜。     

劣质稠油制备A级道路沥青的工艺研究

研究了助剂LHA-1在不同添加量下对劣质稠油直馏沥青的储存与使用性能的影响.结果表明,与同标号直馏沥青相比较,LHA-1的加入可有效地改善沥青的高温性能、感温性能及抗老化性能,同时对沥青的延度（尤其是TFOT后的延度）也有一定的改善作用,从而开发确定了利用劣质稠油与LHA-1来制备交通部A级道路沥青的新工艺.     

部消防局督察总队新兵训练工作

本刊讯1月18，公安部消防局警务处副处长谭雍一行就总队2010年冬季新兵训练、部队管理、规范化建设等进行了督察和调研。     

气体水合物形成的热力学与动力学研究进展

气体水合物形成过程中涉及复杂的热力学和动力学问题.本文对水合物热力学理论模型、水合物生成动力学机理等方面的研究成果和最新进展进行了综述.热力学方面重点介绍了基于等温吸附理论 (van der Waals-Platteeuw模型)和基于双过程水合物生成机理(Chen-Guo模型)的相平衡热力学模型,同时介绍水合物结构及其转变方面的最新研究成果.动力学方面介绍了成簇成核、界面成核等成核机理模型以及成核后的水合物生长机理.另外还述及了目前水合物热力学和动力学研究中所涉及的微观、亚微观和宏观测量方法.针对目前水合物热力学和动力学研究中存在的问题,对未来的发展方向和重点提出了建议.     

立方扰动硬链状态方程GE混合规则及其应用

扩展了立方扰动硬链(CSPHC)状态方程在天然气工业中通常遇到物质的纯组分参数, 并建立了纯组分参数的普遍化关联式; 将过量Gibbs自由能混合规则引入CSPHC状态方程, 以应用于高度非对称体系与极性体系相平衡性质计算。结合MPHC活度系数模型及Wilson 活度系数模型, 对13组二元体系的汽液平衡性质获得较满意的结果。     

立方扰动硬链状态方程G^E混合规则及其应用

扩展了立方扰动硬链（CSPHC）状态方程在天然气工业中通常遇到物质的纯化分参数。并建立了纯组分参数的普遍化关联式;将过量Gibbs自由能混合规则引入CSPHC状态方程,以应用于高度非对称体系与极性体系相平衡性质计算。结合MPHC活度系数模型及Wilson活度系数模型,对13组二元体系的汽液平衡性质获得较满意的结果。     

水合物成核动力学研究现状

概述了水合物对石油天然气工业及环境、气候、能源等方面的影响。对成核概念作了简要介绍,主要阐述了成簇成核模型、界面成核模型、随机水合物成核与界面成簇模型、反应动力学模型、双过程水合物成核模型等几种不同的水合物成核微观机理,并简单介绍了有关的成核过程关联式及对水合物成核的测量情况。针对目前水合物研究中存在的问题,提出了有关水合物成核动力学的发展方向。     

甲烷水合物分解动力学

根据两种测量水合物分解动力学的方法———恒定分解压力法及压力变化法 ,采用气体水合物静力学实验装置测定了甲烷水合物的分解动力学数据 .由建立的分解动力学模型计算了甲烷水合物的分解速率 ,较好地拟合了所测得的实验数据 .实验数据验证了分解速率和水合物平衡压力下的逸度与实验压力下的逸度之差有关 ,计算的分解活化能为 73.3kJ·mol^-1(甲烷 ) .