不锈钢绿色高效超声波除蜡中性水基清洗剂的研制

为有效去除不锈钢表面抛光后残留的抛光蜡,以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO-9)、烷基糖苷(APG)、脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物的磺酸盐(FMES)、柠檬酸三钠、尿素与自来水复配,成功研制出一种绿色高效超声波除蜡中性水基清洗剂。通过正交试验优化配方,探讨了其除蜡效果,并与市售品牌洗清洗1和除蜡水2进行比较。结果表明:自制清洗剂最佳组成(质量分数)为2.8%AEO-9,3.0%FMES,3.5%APG,2.0%尿素和1.5%柠檬酸三钠,其50℃下超声波清洗4 min后对不锈钢抛光蜡的去污力高达99.7%,远高于市售品牌清洗剂1和除蜡水2的去污力;自制清洗剂对不锈钢试片基本不腐蚀,综合除蜡性能优于上述市售品牌清洗剂和除蜡水,在金属工件清洗领域显示出广阔的应用前景。     

高效绿色多功能水基清洗剂的研制

采用工业级烷基糖苷（APG0810）、脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物（FMEE）、椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺（6501）与自来水进行复配,制备用于厨房稠油垢、金属表面矿物油和抛光蜡去除并且配方简单的绿色多功能水基清洗剂。在3因素4水平正交试验研究清洗剂配方组成对其去污效果影响的基础上,考察了6501含量和温度对该清洗剂去污力的影响,并研究了较佳配方组成条件下该清洗剂的综合清洗性能。结果表明,影响该清洗剂去污力从大到小的配方因素依次为6501、APG0810和FMEE,其较佳配方组成为APG0810 2.6%、FMEE 5.2%、6501 4.5%、自来水87.7%;该清洗剂具有较好的高温稳定性和低温稳定性,在室温下对稠油垢、矿物油和抛光蜡的去污力分别为95.4%、90.4%和92.4%,45℃时基本清除这3种类型的污垢。     

高效路面油污清洗剂的研制

通过对美食街路面油污组成、性质及形成过程进行分析,选择合适的表面活性剂、辅助溶剂和碱性助剂等原料成功地复配成弱碱性高效路面油污清洗剂。在正交实验的基础上,对所选配方进行性能优化实验,确定最佳实验配方组成分别为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠6%、直链烷基苯磺酸钠1%、烷基糖苷4%、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚1%、桔子油 1.5%、三乙醇胺 4%和柠檬酸三钠 3%,在150℃的干燥温度下其去污力可达99.8%。与市售厨房多用清洗剂“威猛先生”清洗性能的对比研究表明,该清洗剂的综合去污能力更强,在路面稠油垢清洗领域显示出广阔的应用前景。     

单过氧丁二酸氧化环己酮合成ε-己内酯(英文)

In the absence of catalyst, 70% hydrogen peroxide was used to oxidize succinic anhydride to solid monoperoxysuccinic acid（PSA）. Then PSA was applied to synthesis of ε-caprolactone（ε-CL） by oxidation of cyclohexanone in the heterogeneous system. In order to achieve material recycle, solid precipitated in the process of synthesizing ε-CL was dehydrated via reactive distillation followed by recrystallization to prepare succinic anhydride, which was characterized by IR（infrared spectra） and1HNMR（1H nuclear magnetic resonance）. Effects of molar ratio of PSA to cyclohexanone, acetic acid dosage, reaction temperature, reaction time on conversion of cyclohexanone, yield and selectivity of ε-CL were investigated respectively. The results indicated that conversion of cyclohexanone, yield and selectivity of ε-CL were upto 98.1%, 97.5% and 99.4% respectively under the optimal conditions. In addition, in the process of synthesizing succinic anhydride, the optimal yield of succinic anhydride reached 67.4%.     

负压条件强化拟薄水铝石晶种分解过程

对负压条件下从铝酸钠溶液中析出拟薄水铝石的晶种分解(简称种分)过程进行了研究,考察了水热时间、分子比(Na2O/Al2O3摩尔比)、晶种比(晶种与铝酸钠溶液中Al2O3质量比)、晶种循环使用次数和负压值对铝酸钠溶液分解率及种分产物结构与织构性质的影响. 结果表明,负压条件可以在不改变种分产物拟薄水铝石基本结构的前提下,显著强化铝酸钠溶液的种分过程,但种分产物的比表面积和孔容较晶种有所降低. 在铝酸钠溶液Al2O3浓度120 g/L、晶种比1.0、分子比1.3和125℃下,通过改变负压值(0.01~0.09 MPa),水热0.5 h后溶液分解率可达46.0%,而常压下仅为33.4%. 晶种循环使用1~3次溶液分解率为41.0%~44.0%,基本保持稳定.     

有机液态氢化物可逆储放氢技术进展

有机液态氢化物可逆储放氢技术是一种具有独特优点的新型储氢技术.介绍了这种储氢技术的原理和特点,综述了国内外研究现状.指出今后应从开发高效脱氢催化剂和膜反应器两个角度出发改进该系统的脱氢效率.     

添加乙醇水热法制备介孔氧化铝及其吸附性能的研究

引用嵌段共聚物作软模板剂和乙醇作结构调节剂来制备介孔氧化铝,结合XRD、SEM、N2吸附对的产物形貌、比表面积、孔容、孔径进行分析。通过UV紫外分光光度计检测样品对有机污染物(如刚果红)的分离能力。     

预碳化辅助双氧水沉淀高碱铝酸钠溶液强化薄水铝石合成工艺(英文)

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) precipitation from sodium aluminate (SA) solution at close-ambient temperature is an efficient method to synthesize boehmite and its derived alumina with high surface area, but the precipitation yield of Al2O3 is usually below 50% in highly alkaline SA solutions. Here the synthesis of boehmite is enhanced through a precarbonization-assisted H2O2 route in highly alkaline SA solutions. It is found that the crystal structure of the precipitation product is evidently influenced by the precipitation conditions. As the precipitation temperature increases from 273 to 325 K, a small amount of gibbsite by-product is formed. As the aging temperature increases from 301 to 333 K, the crystallinity of boehmite decreases and part of the boehmite dissolves due to an increase in the pH value. Based on the above results, a precarbonization-assisted H2O2 route is proposed to obtain pure boehmite with more complete recovery of Al2O3 from highly alkaline SA solutions. The route includes a controllable precarbonization step of SA solutions with a molar ratio of Na2O to Al2O3 higher than 2︰1, followed by the H2O2-precipitated step with a molar ratio of H2O2 to Al2O3 less than 7︰1. Because of its facile operation conditions, no extraneous impurity, time saving and a possible recycle of the filtrate, the route has great potential to be an alternative method for preparation of boehmite and its derived alumina.     

异丙醇对从铝酸钠溶液中析出拟薄水铝石种分过程的影响

以拟薄水铝石为晶种、异丙醇为添加剂,从铝酸钠溶液中析出了具有活性Al_2O_3前体特性的拟薄水铝石。研究了异丙醇添加量、Al_2O_3质量浓度、苛性比(铝酸钠溶液中Na_2O和Al_2O_3的摩尔比)和晶种循环使用次数对铝酸钠溶液分解率(简称分解率)的影响。实验结果表明,异丙醇能有效强化铝酸钠溶液的种分过程,在Al_2O_3质量浓度为110 g/L、苛性比为1.50、晶种比(晶种与铝酸钠溶液中Al_2O_3的质量比)为1.0、125℃的温和水热条件下种分3 h时,添加5 mg/L异丙醇可使分解率从不添加异丙醇时的27.2%提高到46.7%,并且晶种连续循环使用3次后,分解率仍达到36.5%。添加异丙醇不改变种分产物的晶型,对其形貌和织构性质也没有显著影响,但可在一定程度上调节其结晶度并使孔分布更集中。     

新工科理念下工程硕士研究生工程创新能力的培养

工程硕士是提升国家工程科技创新能力和适应创新型国家建设的一支重要力量。为推动我国研究生教育创新和工程硕士研究生工程创新能力的培养,文章从传统思维方式、教学方式和科研成果评价方式等方面,剖析我国当前人才培养中存在的问题,进而从独立思考、大胆质疑、求异思维、校企合作、产教融合、协同育人等方面,提出培养工程硕士研究生工程创新能力的方法。