基于灰色理论的筛选方法：从石化企业低温余热中为低温多效蒸发器筛选出合适驱动热源

For dealing with high-salinity wastewater in the refinery, the high cost of driving heat source is the disadvantage of multi-effect distillation (MED) so it is of great importance to evaluate the performance of low-temperature heat source for conducting MED and select the optimal temperature for it. Both the MED and the low-temperature heat sources studied in this paper were from a typical refinery located in northwestern China. Besides, a new methodology to evaluate heat sources as the optimal candidate was proposed for MED based on the grey system theory. Five process units, which included 18 fluids of the refinery, were named as the evaluation projects. Three factors, which included safety effects, total costs and characteristics of low-temperature heat sources were determined as the evaluation indexes, the values of which were established through the analyses. The results obtained through the grey correlation analyses have revealed that the grey correlation degrees of these units were 0.661(AVDU), 0.732 (#1 FCCU), 0.618 (#2 FCCU), 0.535 (#1 DCU), and 0.572 (#2 DCU), respectively. Thus, the optimal heat source was provided from #1 FCCU. Through further analyses of the fluids from #1 FCCU, the grey correlation degrees of the fluids were 0.597 (oil and gas at top of tower), 0.714 (recycle oil and gas), and 0.512 (diesel), respectively. Thus, the optimal heat source was the oil and gas recycle stream.     

Blind Multiuser Channel Identification Based on Rate Doubling and Modulation-Induced Cyclostationarity

1　IntroductionInthemultiuseruplink ,eachuser’ssignalgoesthroughitschanneltothebasestationreceiver,wherethechannelhastobeidentifiedinordertoperformmultiuserdetection .Mostofthemultiuserdetectorsarelinear,includingZeroForcing (ZF)andMinimumMeanSquareError (MMSE)detec tors.Andtheyalldependontheestimationofthemultiuserchannels.Thetraditionalwayofestimat ingchannelsisbytraining .Buttheblindestimationofchannelsareadvantageous;besidesthefactthatitmaysaveagreatdealofbandwidth ,therearesitua ti…     

A CAD Process for Box Culvert Structure Design

1 Introduction Box culvert is often used in irrigation system and other projects. A box culvert should work safely under all possible cases: sustaining inside pressure; without inside pressure; with designated water outside; flood water outside; no designated and flood water but having groundwater outside etc. In these diversified working conditions, different loads are applied to the culvert, and the resulting internal stresses include various combinations of axial and shearing stress along …     

Improved Region Merging Algorithm for Remote Sensing Images

To segment high-resolution remote sensing images (RSIs) accurately on an object level and meet the precise boundary dividing requirement, an improved superpixel segmentation and region merging algorithm is proposed. Simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) is widely used because of its advantages in performance and effect; however, it causes over-segmentation, which is very disadvantageous to information extraction. In this proposed method, SLIC is firstly adopted for initial superpixel partition. The second stage follows the iterative merging procedure, which uses a hierarchical clustering algorithm and introduces a local binary pattern (LBP) texture feature operator during the process of merging. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieved a good segmentation and region merging performance, and worked effectively on cloud detection preprocessing in high-resolution RSIs with cloud and snow overlap situations.     

Effects of Defocus Distance on Three-Beam Laser Internal Coaxial Wire Cladding

Three-beam laser internal coaxial wire feeding cladding is regarded as a promising additive manufacturing technique because it is highly efficient and controllable.In this study,the effects of the defocus distance on cladding using a three-beam laser with internal wire feeding are experimentally and numerically studied.A process map indicating the surface characteristics at different defocus distances with various parameter combinations was developed.The transmission characteristics including laser intensity,beam size,and laser spot distance of the three-beam laser at different defocus distances were analyzed using TracePro software.Based on the TracePro results as heat source,a three-dimensional transient finite element (FE) thermal model was formulated to predict the thermal field,tempera-ture history and molten pool shape at different defocus distances.A molten pool with a flat bottom and low melting depth is generated when the defocus distance is-2.5 mm,whereas when this distance is-1.5 mm,a pool with a valley-shaped bond and high melting depth is formed.The simulated results of the temperature cycle and clad geometry are both validated and found to well agree with experimental measurements.The influence of the defocus distance on the microstructure and microhardness are discussed based on the temperature history and cooling rate.With the increase in the absolute defocus distance,the height and dilution of the clad decreased,whereas the width increased.In addition,the effects of defocus distance with various parameter combinations on clad geometry were explored using the formulated FE model.     

Fatigue Resistance and Failure Behavior of Penetration and Non-Penetration Laser Welded Lap Joints

Penetration and non-penetration lap laser welding is the joining method for assembling side facade panels of railway passenger cars,while their fatigue performances and the difference between them are not completely understood.In this study,the fatigue resistance and failure behavior of penetration 1.5+0.8-P and non-penetration 0.8+1.5-N laser welded lap joints prepared with 0.8 mm and 1.5 mm cold-rolled 301L plates were investigated.The weld beads showed a solidification microstructure of primary ferrite with good thermal cracking resistance,and their hardness was lower than that of the plates.The 1.5+0.8-P joint exhibited better fatigue resistance to low stress amplitudes,whereas the 0.8+1.5-N joint showed greater resistance to high stress amplitudes.The failure modes of 0.8+1.5-N and 1.5+0.8-P joints were 1.5 mm and 0.8 mm lower lap plate fracture,respectively,and the primary cracks were initiated at welding fusion lines on the lap surface.There were long plastic ribs on the penetration plate fracture,but not on the non-penetration plate fracture.The fatigue resistance stresses in the crack initiation area of the penetration and non-penetration plates calculated based on the mean fatigue limits are 408 MPa and 326 MPa,respectively,which can be used as reference stress for the fatigue design of the laser welded structures.The main reason for the difference in fatigue performance between the two laser welded joints was that the asymmetrical heating in the non-penetration plate thickness resulted in higher residual stress near the welding fusion line.     

Experimental Studies on Combustion Characteristics of Mixed Municipal Solid Waste

In our country, municipal solid wastes (MSW) are always burnt in their original forms and only a few pretreatments are taken. Therefore it is vital to study the combustion characteristics of mixed waste. In this paper, thermogravimetric analysis and a lab scale fluidized bed facility were used as experimental means. The data in two different experimental systems were introduced and compared. It took MSW 3-3.5 min to burn out in FB, but in thermogravimetric analyzer, the time is 20-25 min. It can be concluded that, in general, the behavior of a mixture of waste in TGA can be expressed by simple combination of individual components of the waste mixtures. Only minor deviations from the rule were observed. Yet, in Fluidized Bed, it was found that, for some mixtures, there was interference among the components during fluidized bed combustion.