烯烃氢甲酰化反应工程的研究进展

本文综述了不同烯烃氢甲酰化反应体系的反应研究现状,分析了反应动力学,传质及反应器等方面的研究结果,指出了目前氢甲酰化反应研究的不足,并提出今后深入研究的方向。     

泡沫分离回收水中低浓度磷酸三丁酯

以吐温系列表面活性剂采用泡沫法回收水中的微量磷酸三丁酯．实验结果表明,在本实验条件下,泡沫法可以回收水中的磷酸三丁酯,磷酸三丁酯的提浓率与残留率与起始磷酸三丁酯浓度、起始表面活性剂浓度和表面活性剂种类有关。     

有色金属冶金领域中化工冶金研究所工作的回顾

回顾了化工冶金研究所40多年来在有色金属冶金领域,包括在难处理矿石的湿法冶金、复杂矿的提取与综合利用、溶剂萃取与分离、新型材料的研制与开发、有色金属冶金中的清洁工艺等方面取得的主要科研成果．讨论了化冶所在该领域的研究与发展前景．     

KINETICS OF PHASE TRANSFER CATALYZED DISPROPORTIONATION OF ELEMENTAL SULFUR

The kinetics of phase transfer catalyzed (PTC) disproportionation of elemental sulfur was studied in the range of OH~- concentrationlin the aqueous phase from 0.02 to 0.14 mol/dm~3 and temperature from 45 to 70℃. A kinetic expression, R_sa=k*[Q~ ]_(aq)[OH~-]_(aq)[S]_(org)~(1/2), derived from the theory of mass transfer with rapid chemical reaction in liquid liquid system can be adopted to correlate the experimental data, and the apparent activation energy of the reaction was found to be 79kJ/mol. Kinetic evidence for PTC reaction of the system was given and a mechanism of PTC disproportionation of elemental sulfur was proposed.     

ON THE RESPONSE FUNCTION AND RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION OF THE AXIAL DISPERSION MODEL FOR TUBULAR REACTORS

In view of confusion on the residence time distribution and transfer fucntions for dispersion models, the solution of the model subject to possible combinations of closed and open type boundaries at the ends of a chemical reactor is investigated systematically. In particular, some new results are obtained for the closed-open and open-closed types of reactors. It is found that the interchange of boundary conditions for these reactors is not immaterial. In several cases, caution is necessary to distinguish whether the transfer function is applied to the concentration or the flux. When the dispersive flux is notable, measurement techniques must be carefully selected to match the kind of transfer functions derived.     

中国在环境友好浸取过程方面的一些研究

The newly developed green leaching processes for chromium, lead and gold extraction from ores or concentrates are described. The chromium is extracted from the iron chromite ore with fused sodium hydroxide at 500---550~C as sodium chromate. The galena in lead sulfide concentrate is converted into lead carbonate in ammonium or sodium carbonate solution at 50---80℃ followed by the separation of lead carbonate formed from the unconverted sulfide ores by flotation. Gold associated with sulfide ore (such as pyrite and chalcopyrite) can be extracted into sodium thiceulfate solution without any pretreatment such as roasting, high pressure aqueous oxidation or bacteria pre-leaching.     

Kinetics of lipase catalyzedenantioselective esterification of racemic ibuprofen in isooctane

The kinetics of Candida rugosa lipase catalyzed esteritlcation of racemic ibuprofen with n-butanol in isooctane was studied. The kinetic study was carried out with the addition of 0.1% and 2% (by volume) of water for enzyme activation respectively when celite was added into isooctane for enzyme dispersion. The specific initial rate for S-ibuprofen can be fitted with the Ping Pong Bi Bi mechanism with dead-end competitive inhibition by the alcohol. The time courses of the enantioselective esteriflcation of the two ibuprofen enantiomers with different initial substrate concentrations and water contents were simulated with a model in which both effects of enzyme inactivation by long term reaction and reversed hydrolytic reaction under high water content were taken into consideration.     

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON KINETICS OF HIGH PRESSURE HYDROGEN REDUCTION OF NICKEL ION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION TO METALLIC NICKEL

以Cr~(2+)为生核剂制得的镍粉做晶种,对镍氨溶液的高压氢还原过程进行了研究。各种因素对还原速度的影响表明,反应似在化学动力学区内进行,反应速度与加入的晶种量、氢分压平方根成正比,而在大部分镍还原完成前与镍离子浓度无关。初步认为镍离子的还原反应在晶种表面进行,晶种的作用是活化氢分子和生成金属镍的相变中心。反应可设想以下面步骤进行: 1.H_2(g)(?)H_2(l) (快) 2.H_2(l)(?)2H~* (快) 3.Ni~(2+)(?)(Ni~(?))~* (快) 4.2H~*+(Ni~(2+))~*(?)Ni°+2H~+ (慢) 5.2H~++2NH_3→2NH_4~+ (快) 方程式4为速度的控制步骤。     

黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿对硫化铅碳酸化转化过程影响的研究

针对黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿加速硫化铅碳酸化转化过程的现象,对黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿与硫化铅之间的电池相互作用进行了模拟研究。在排除铁离子存在影响的前提下,单独测量三种硫化物的静态电位、Tafel斜率、溶解电流密度等参数,并测量了不同面积比的FeS_2—PbS,Fe_7S_8—PbS电池偶的电池电流和电位。由实验数据根据公式对物理参数进行了计算。本文还探讨了实际转化体系杂质影响的粗略定量描述方法。根据该式对工艺实验结果给予合理的解释。     

用于降解硫芴的土壤菌种的分离

Five bacterial strains,which are able to grow and to disintegrate dibenzothiophene (DBT) and dibenzothiophene sulfone (DBTO2) in fossil fuels,are isolated.Analysis of products of DBT metabolized by these strains shows that different bacteria strains oxidize DBT by different pathways.The isolated strains R-6,R-16,R-9 and R-8 can metabolize DBT to DBTO2 and 2-hydroxybiphenyl(HBP),which are identified as Bacillus brevis,Bacillus sphaericus,Nocardia globerula and Pseudomonas delafieldii respectively.Another strain R-12 identified as Pseudomonas sp. can degrade DBT completely but it cannot produce DBTO2 and HBP. The optimum temperature and initial pH for desulfurization by R-8 are 32℃ and 7.02 respectively and pH of the broth decreases during biodegradation.The growth of strain R-8 with different sulfur-sources indicates that this strain in DBT medium has an induction period of 3 days,which is longer than those with dimethylsulfoxide and MgSO4 media,but the growth rate of the bacterial strain in DBT is higher after the induction.Higher growth and desulfurization rates are observed in the DBT-hexadecane system than in both DBT-ethanol and DBT-dimethylformamide systems.Both strains of R-8 and R-9 also show higher desulfurization activities toward other sulfur-substrates,indicating that they have greater desulfurization potential in application.