INSIGHT INTO DISTILLATION/ABSORPTION COLUMNS AND FCC RISERS USING GAMMA SCANNING TECHNIQUE

This paper presents the application of gamma ray scanning technique to distillation/absorption columns and FCC risers.The flow regime transition.clear liquid height,froth height.crestliquid height over the exit weir on a V-1 type valve tray and downcomer hydraulics were investigatedusing the scanning device previously developed.The solid distribution and coke deposition were experi-mentally simulated in a FCC riser simulator by employing a three dimensional scanning device devel-oped for the present investigation.The success of this investigation should shed a light forquantifying two-phase contact phenomena in various gas liquid and gas solid two phase flow system.     

钢筋垫块的几个问题

钢筋垫块虽然只是一小块，但它在工程中所起的作用却不可忽视。一、垫块强度控制规范对垫块的强度没有明确规定，实际工程使用的垫块强度普遍偏低，更有甚者，在绑扎钢筋时，钢筋骨架或人踏就能将它压坏，根本起不到保障钢筋保护层的作用。垫块的强度应大于或等于无石子的混凝土强度。况且，垫块现场制作条件较为恶劣，通常只是找一块较为平整的水泥场地，条件稍为好一点的在牛皮纸上制作，多为毛糙，且有的垫块还粘有黄砂或泥渣，不易与现浇的混凝土形成一个有机整体。建议垫块应由工厂规范化制作。二、垫块布置数量施工中垫块布置数量多凭…     

基于固相转化机理合成五元环沸石的新技术

A novel technology of preparing zeoliltes based on solid-solid mass transformation mechanism is developed for the first time. By employing this technology, three different types of highly crystallized pentasil zeolites,ZSM-35 (FER-type), Silicalite-l(MFI-type) and Mordenite(MOR-type), are successfully synthesized in the solid system. In terms of commercial production, the technology‘could simplify synthesis procedure and make the continuous production of zeolites possible, so as to improve the productivity. Additionally, it is environmentally friendly because the crystallization occurs in solid phase where there exists no pollution caused by waste liquid. Therefore, this technique provides us with a new indusr, rial process for the clean and continuous production of zeolites.The characteristics in synthesis chemistry and the crystallization mechanism involved in the technology are also discussed.     

蒸馏塔/填料塔故障现象的模拟和诊断

A digitally controlled three-dimensional gamma-scanning apparatus was developed and used to troubleshoot distillation column in the present investigation. In a 140mm(ID) model colum, various malfunctional phenomena,both rate and process related conditions and structural problems, which may be frequently encountered in the operation of tray and packing columns, were experimentally simulated and tested with the developed scanning system. The experimental results showed that the scanning spectra can fairly reflect the simulated phenomena. The salient feature of the scanning apparatus lies in that it integrates the so called grid scan and computer-assisted tomography scan in a single system. It was confirmed that the gamma-scanning technique can serve as an important on-line troubleshooting and maintenance tool.     

催化部分氧化甲烷制合成气的平衡热力学研究

The catalytic partial oxidation of methane to syngas (CO H2) has been simulated thermodynamically with the advanced process simulator PRO/Ⅱ. The influences of temperature,pressure,CH4/O2 ratio and steam addition in feed gas on the conversion of CH4 selectively to syngas and heat duty required were investigated, and their effects on carbon formation were also discussed. The simulation results were in good agreement with the literature data taken from a spouted bed reactor.     

甲烷空气部分氧化制合成气喷动床反应器的研究

On the basis of hydrodynamic and scaling-up studies, a pilot-plant-scale thermal spouted bed reactor (50 mm in ID and 1500 mm in height) was designed and fabricated by scaling-down cold simulators. It was tested for making syngas via catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) of methane by air. The effects of various operating conditions such as operating pressure and temperature, feed composition, and gas flowrate etc. on the CPO process were investigated. CH4 conversion of 92.20％ and selectivity of 92.3% and 83.30/0 to CO and H2, respectively, were achieved at the pressure of 2.1 MPa. It was found that when the spouted bed reactor was operated within the stable spouting flow regime, the temperature profiles along the bed axis were much more uniform than those operated within the fixed-bed regime. The CH4 conversion and syngas selectivity were found to be close to thermodynamic equilibrium limits. The results of the present investigation showed that spouted bed could be considered as a potential type of chemical reactor for the CPO process of methane.     

杂多酸选择性脱除润滑油基础油中含氮化合物的研究

采用杂多酸／丙酮体系进行了润滑油基础油的脱氮研究,考察了脱氮工艺条件对脱氮率及脱氮油理化性质的影响。结果表明,杂多酸／丙酮体系可以选择性地脱除基础油中的含氮化合物,脱氮前后基础油中疏含量变化不大,脱氮油的氧化安定性得到显著提高,且脱氮过程不影响油品的其它理化性质。杂多酸脱氮过程的开发为提高润滑油基础油的质量提供了一种新的途径。     

磷钼杂多酸钠盐脱硫制硫反应机理研究

磷钼杂多化合物是一种新开发的面向天然气净化的液相氧化脱硫剂。笔者综合运用离子选择电极分析、差示扫描量热分析与能谱等手段对磷钼杂多酸钠盐与硫化氢的反应机理进行了研究。结果表明,磷钼酸钠体系在脱硫过程中具有稳定的化学性能,脱硫产物中基本不含Ｍｏ、Ｐ的物相;磷钼酸钠吸收Ｈ２Ｓ过程的化学反应式为：Ｈ２Ｓ＋Ｎａ３ＰＭｏ（Ⅵ）１２Ｏ４０→Ｓ↓＋Ｎａ３Ｈ２ＰＭｏ（Ⅵ）１０Ｍｏ（Ⅴ）２Ｏ４０,即在磷钼酸钠分子中有     

丙烯腈装置气液分离器的出口结构

气液分离器是丙烯腈生产装置的关键设备之一,用于除去气体产品中的酸雾. 分离器的出口结构是影响分离效率的关键因素之一. 本研究借助通用流体分析软件PHOENICS对气液分离器内流场进行了分析,结果发现,增大液滴向器壁运动机会和减弱二次夹带效应均有利于提高分离效率. 基于此原则,对气体出口结构进行了优化实验,并提出了最佳的分离器双层套筒出口结构. 这种结构与其他几种结构相比除雾效果更佳,不管在低空速还是高空速下都能保持较高的除雾效率,操作弹性较好. 工业应用也表明,采用双层套筒出口结构的气液分离器具有较高的除酸雾效果,优于原分离器.     

基于镁铝水滑石的Mo/Al_2O_3-MgO催化剂制备及其加氢脱硫性能

生产低硫或无硫柴油是当今世界范围内清洁燃料发展的趋势,加氢脱硫(HDS)是大规模生产清洁柴油最为有效的技术之一,而研制高活性的HDS催化剂成为该技术的关键。以镁铝水滑石与氧化铝的复合氧化物为载体,通过等体积浸渍法制备了一系列Mo/Al_2O_3-MgO催化剂,以二苯并噻吩(DBT)的正庚烷溶液为原料,在固定床反应器上评价所得催化剂的HDS活性,考察了不同镁铝比的水滑石、焙烧温度和添加量对催化剂物化性质和催化性能的影响。研究结果表明,镁铝比、焙烧温度和添加量均影响催化剂的酸性、金属还原性、硫化性能和Mo S2片晶的堆垛度等,当镁铝摩尔比为3、焙烧温度为800℃、成型时水滑石加入量为10%(质量分数)时,所制备催化剂的HDS活性最高,其脱硫率可达96.2%。这是由于该催化剂的酸性较适宜,活性组分与载体间的相互作用力适中,活性组分更易硫化,有助于提高MoS2片晶的堆垛度进而改善催化剂的HDS性能。