A study of CaCO3 fouling with a microscopic imaging technique

The present study introduces a new experimental method to visualize the fouling process of CaCO₃. A mini-channel heat exchanger system with a microscopic imaging technique was developed for real-time visualization of the fouling process. The present study discussed how scale started initially, how scale formed thick layers, and how a small crystal grew into a large one, touching the adjacent one. Detail microscopic images of scale crystals and corresponding fouling resistances were obtained over the entire fouling process. The microscopic observation indicated that the fouling process could be divided into three stages: an induction period, a period of uniform generation of nuclei, and a period of uniform growth of scale. Sudden appearance of numerous small nuclei indicated the end of the induction period, a key event before the rapid increase in the fouling resistance. The present experimental method using microscopic images of the wet fouling process provides a valuable insight on the fouling mechanism.     

电算法在液压支架受力分析中的应用

建立支架受力分析的电算设计数学模型并给出程序框图     

长距离钢带传动的张紧机构设计与应用

比较了几种长距离传动方式的特点与适用场合，重点探讨了实现长距离精密传动的技术要点。结合实际工程，完成了长距离钢带精密传动的应用，并指出张紧机构的设计与应用是钢带实现长距离精密传动的关键。为此文中对钢带传动的典型张紧机构进行了比较，并分析了这几类张紧机构的应用情况，有参考和应用价值。     

气液固三相相平衡热力学模型与计算方法

原油中含有大量的高分子有机固相物质，因此，要准确地描述油气体系相平衡，必须对气液固三相相平衡进行研究，在对高分子有机烃类沥青沉降机理有了一定的认识的基础上，提出了大的交互作用系数，可以描述沥青与原油中轻质不相容性的程度。根据对油气烃类混合物体系的一般性认识与提出的沥青组分特征化方法，导出了与之相应的有其自身特殊性的气液沥青三相相平衡物料平衡方程组，用考虑沥青沉降三相闪蒸数值算法，对沥青沉降进行有效的理化模拟计算，此外，结合实例分析，给出了沥青质参考逸度的计算，饱和压力和沉降量的拟合方法。     

Effects of extended dislocations on charge distribution in GaN epilayer

We have investigated the effect of extended dislocations (0.5-3 μm) on charge distribution in GaN epilayer grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on (0001) sapphire using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning surface potential microscopy (SSPM). It has been observed for the surface at the extended dislocations present in undoped GaN film to be negatively charged showing 0.04-0.2 V higher potential relative to regions that contain no dislocations. In addition to the higher potential at the dislocation core, the surrounding surfaces, including the edge of the dislocations, are also negatively charged in a symmetric way around the dislocations revealing crater-shaped higher potential regions (∼0.04 V) relative to surrounding dislocation-free area. The experimental results show that the protrusion-type of dislocation is also negatively charged and its potential is dependent on the size of dislocation.     

A 0.9 V 92 dB Double-Sampled Switched-RC Delta-Sigma Audio ADC

A 0.9 V third-order double-sampled delta-sigma audio ADC is presented. A new method using a combination of a switched-RC technique and a floating switched-capacitor double-sampling configuration enabled low-voltage operation without clock boosting or bootstrapping. A three-level quantizer with simple dynamic element matching was used to improve linearity. The prototype IC implemented in a 0.13 CMOS process achieves 92 dB DR, 91 dB SNR and 89 dB SNDR in a 24 kHz audio signal bandwidth, while consuming 1.5 mW from a 0.9 V supply. The prototype operates from 0.65 V to 1.5 V supply with minimal performance degradation.     

Preparation and photochromism of nanocomposite thin film based on polyoxometalate and polyethyleneglycol

A photochromic nanocomposite based on Keggin structure phosphomolybdic acid (PMoA) well dispersed in polyethyleneglycol (PEG) was fabricated. TEM image showed that PMoA nanoparticles with narrow size distribution were finely dispersed in polymer matrix. FT-IR results showed that the Keggin geometry of polyoxometalates was still preserved inside the composites and strong coulombic interaction was built between PMoA and polymer matrix. Under UV irradiation, the film was reduced photochemically to yield a blue species, which was in accordance with a charge-transfer mechanism.     

Preparation, sintering, and microstructures of strontium barium bismuth tantalate layered perovskite ceramics

The solid solutions of Ba-doped SrBi₂Ta₂O₉ layered perovskite ceramic powders have been successfully prepared via a two-step process using BiTaO₄ as a precursor. The lattice constants of the solid solutions monotonically increase with increasing barium-ion content. The sinterability of (Sr_1–xBa_x)Bi₂Ta₂O₉ powders is significantly improved by increasing the barium-ion content. When the specimens with high barium-ion contents are sintered at 1100°C, they thermally decompose to form rod-like grains and the matrix expands, leading to a lower density. The addition of barium ions to SrBi₂Ta₂O₉ also results in significant variation in the morphology of the sintered specimens and the occurrence of c-axis preferred orientation which is ascribed to the anisotropic growth of plate-like grains. The precise control of the barium-ion content as well as the sintering conditions is critical for obtaining densified barium-ion doped SrBi₂Ta₂O₉ ceramics with a pure, layered perovskite structure.     

上海外环隧道水下最终接头的施工技术

沉管隧道采用水下最终接头,可以大大缩短工期和减少成本,但施工难度较大,而且有一定风险。文章以上海外环隧道工程为例,对沉管隧道水下最终接头的施工工艺中管段轴线精度控制、安装保护罩、间隙间的安全排水和混凝土施工等四大难点进行探讨,并介绍了水密性施工和管内结构施工的具体工艺和步骤。指出其成果对今后类似工程具有较大的参考价值。     

Onset of buoyancy-driven convection in melting from below

When a horizontal homogeneous solid is melted from below, convection can be induced in a thermally unstable melt layer. In this study the onset of buoyancy-driven convection during time-dependent melting is investigated by using similarly transformed disturbance equations. The critical Rayleigh numbers based on the melt-layer thickness are found numerically for various conditions. For small superheats, the present predictions approach the well known results of classical Rayleigh-Bénard problems, that is, critical Rayleigh numbers are located between 1,296 and 1,708, regardless of the Prandtl number. However, for high superheats the critical Rayleigh number increases with an increase in phase change rate but with decrease in Prandtl number.