嵌岩桩及较破碎岩石桩基影响系数探讨

纵观以往对嵌岩桩的研究,主要是针对嵌岩桩(嵌入完整、较完整岩石)的承载性状的研究,而对端阻、侧阻影响系数和综合影响系数的研究较少。国内外笔者通过256根嵌岩桩静载试验资料,对嵌岩桩的3个影响系数进行统计分析,并对其影响因素进行探讨,得到3个影响系数与抗压强度和深径比的关系。在贵阳地区分布有大量较破碎岩石,然而目前对于嵌入较破碎岩石上桩的影响系数的研究尚缺乏,这给桩的设计带来一定的问题。由14根嵌入较破碎岩石中桩体的静载试验,本文对桩端阻、侧阻影响系数以及综合影响系数进行了探讨,为在较破碎岩石上设计的桩体提供一定的参考。最后结合相关规范、科研成果和本文试验数据,将端阻、侧阻影响系数和综合影响系数进行较为全面、详细的划分,并给出一张同时考虑岩性和完整性的影响系数建议取值的表格。     

超滤技术分离双低油菜ACE抑制肽及其性能研究

采用超滤技术对双低油菜酶解物中的ACE抑制肽进行了分离提纯研究,考核了分离参数对分离效果的影响,分析了不同分子质量段多肽HPLC肽谱的变化,研究了双低油菜高ACE抑制活性多肽的耐消化性、酸碱稳定性和耐热性。结果表明,超滤分离能明显提高双低油菜ACE抑制肽的活性,截留分子质量为3 ku的超滤膜透过液IC50值下降了15%,活性多肽回收率超过58%,酶解物中有4个高活性的组分峰,小于3 ku分子质量段的ACE抑制肽有良好的耐热性、酸碱稳定性和耐消化性。     

Environmental performance of algal biofuel technology options

Considerable research and development is underway to produce fuels from microalgae, one of several options being explored for increasing transportation fuel supplies and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). This work models life-cycle GHG and on-site freshwater consumption for algal biofuels over a wide technology space, spanning both near- and long-term options. The environmental performance of algal biofuel production can vary considerably and is influenced by engineering, biological, siting, and land-use considerations. We have examined these considerations for open pond systems, to identify variables that have a strong influence on GHG and freshwater consumption. We conclude that algal biofuels can yield GHG reductions relative to fossil and other biobased fuels with the use of appropriate technology options. Further, freshwater consumption for algal biofuels produced using saline pond systems can be comparable to that of petroleum-derived fuels.     

Storage stability of sterilized liquid extracts from pomegranate peel

Pomegranate marc, a byproduct of commercial juice production, has shown promise as a starting material for the recovery of health promoting phenolic compounds. The stability of aqueous extracts prepared from pomegranate marc was evaluated in preparation to directly using these extracts as nutraceuticals or food additives. The liquid extracts were produced under extraction conditions of 25 °C, water to peel ratio of 50 : 1 (w/w) for 2 min, and then sterilized at 121 °C for 10 s. Storage conditions tested included 3 different pH values (3.5, 5.0, and 7.0) and 2 packaging methods (no light and exposure to light). The extracts were evaluated for industrial (pH, total soluble solid content, and clarity), color, spectral, and antioxidant characteristics over a period of 180 d. The results showed that both pH value and packaging method significantly influenced the industrial and color characteristics of the extracts. The high pH had a negative effect on spectral and antioxidant characteristics. Therefore, the recommended storage conditions are low pH and with dark packaging to maintain the high storage stability. After 180 d of storage, extracts stored at low pH (3.5) in dark packaging still retained 67% and 58% of their total soluble phenolic concentration and antioxidant activity, compared with 61% and 43% for high pH (7.0) samples, and were composed of high concentrations of punicalagins A and B, gallic, and ellagic acids. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The present research developed an effective recovery of phenolic compounds from pomegranate marc to be used as nutraceuticals or food additives. The aqueous extract product has good quality characteristics with high industrial and color stability, and total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, when stored at pH 3.5 in dark packaging for up to 180 d. The evaluation results of storage stability reported here are important for commercialization.     

基于超声预处理的大米降血压多肽的制备及其功能评价

采用酶法制备大米降血压肽。本文研究大米降血压肽制备中底物蛋白的超声预处理、酶解产物的超滤提取纯化、大米降血压肽的抗消化道酶降解及原发性高血压大鼠(SHR)一次性灌胃试验等。试验结果表明,最优超声预处理的参数为每升处理液施加超声功率250 W、超声时间10 min、工作间歇比1:2、循环转速30 r/s。经过超声预处理,酶解产物对ACE的抑制率由未经超声预处理的69.8%提高到92.8%。5 kDa为最佳的超滤提取纯化截流分子质量。经过超滤,滤液的IC50值随大米多肽分子质量的降低而降至1.71 mg/mL。大米降血压多肽具有良好的抗消化道酶降解能力,对SHR大鼠具有明显的降血压效果。     

Extraction modeling and activities of antioxidants from pomegranate marc

To develop value-added antioxidants from the peel and seeds of pomegranate marc, a by-product after pomegranate juice processing, the effects of drying before extraction and processing parameters on the extraction kinetics and product properties were systematically studied using water as an environmental friendly solvent for the extraction. The results showed that the drying process did not significantly affect the yield, content, and activity of antioxidants from either the peel or seeds. The antioxidants extracted from the peel had higher yield and content than those from the seeds. The yield and content of antioxidants increased with reduced particle size and increased water/sample ratio and temperature, but antioxidant activity was low when extraction temperature was high. By considering the antioxidant activity and operation cost, the recommended extraction conditions were peel particle size of 0.2 mm, water/peel ratio of 50/1 (w/w), temperature of 25 °C, and extraction time of 2 min, which gave the high antioxidant yield (11.5%) and content (22.9%), and DPPH scavenging activity of 6.2 g/g. Kinetic models were successfully developed for describing the extraction processes with different processing parameters.     

醋糟的利用现状及前景

醋糟是酿醋的下脚料,其酸性大、腐烂慢,是城市环境卫生治理的一大难点。对醋糟在饲料、食用菌栽培料、植物无土栽培基质、医药及生物质能源等方面应用的研究进行了介绍和分析,并对其的利用前景进行了展望。     

微波辅助回流提取葵花籽粕绿原酸的研究

以微波辅助回流提取的方法从葵花籽粕中提取绿原酸。研究了微波辅助提取绿原酸过程中料液比、微波辐射功率、乙醇体积分数以及提取时间对绿原酸得率影响的单因素试验,并在单因素试验基础上进行了正交试验,得出优化的微波辅助回流提取参数为:料液比1∶18、微波辐射功率390 W、乙醇体积分数35%和提取时间20 min,在此条件下绿原酸提取率达到94.6%、得率为2.11%。对提取的绿原酸产品进行抗氧化试验,结果表明葵花籽粕绿原酸对DPPH自由基有显著清除作用,其对DPPH自由基的EC50值为2.6 mg/L。     

豆粕混菌液体发酵制种技术试验研究

利用热带假丝酵母和枯草芽孢杆菌混菌发酵进行液体制种。结果表明:受接种量、豆粕含量和培养温度的影响,两株菌种菌数的增长速度具有相对一致的变化趋势;受培养时间的影响,热带假丝酵母菌先增后降,枯草芽孢杆菌先降后增;热带假丝酵母在pH3.5时菌数最大,枯草芽孢杆菌在pH4.5～7.5范围内适宜生长。在豆粕质量分数15%、葡萄糖质量分数1%、初始pH4.5的液体培养基上,两菌分别接种10%,在发酵温度28℃、摇床转速160r/min条件下培养5d,热带假丝酵母菌和枯草芽孢杆菌菌数达到最大,分别为752.5×106和264.2×107 cfu/ml。