沸石去除废水中磷的研究进展

沸石作为一种大储量的矿物,对废水中的各种污染物有很强的吸附作用,被广泛应用于污水处理中。文章介绍了天然及改性沸石去除水中磷的研究现状和进展,对沸石的除磷机理进行了归纳总结,对今后的应用前景进行了展望。     

LPG短钢瓶爆破强度拟合公式的可靠性分析

爆破强度是LPG钢瓶设计的重要指标。根据短钢瓶爆破试验数据,以经验公式为基础,推导得到了爆破强度计算的拟合公式;应用随机-模糊概率模型,对拟合公式的可靠性进行了分析。研究表明,在最苛刻压力试验条件下,用拟合公式设计的YSP35.5、YSP23.5型号钢瓶,其爆破强度最小可靠度范围为0.999 999 698~0.999 999 997 54,验证了拟合公式的有效性。     

Microstructure,Ferroelectric, Piezoelectric,and Ferromagnetic Properties of Sc‐Modified BiFeO3–BaTiO3 Multiferroic Ceramics with MnO2 Addition

0.725BiFe_1?xSc_xO₃–0.275BaTiO₃ + y mol% MnO₂ multiferroic ceramics were fabricated by a conventional ceramic technique and the effects of Sc doping and sintering temperature on microstructure, multiferroic, and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics were studied. The ceramics can be well sintered at the wide low sintering temperature range 930°C–990°C and possess a pure perovskite structure. The ceramics with x/y = 0.01–0.02/1.0 sintered at 960°C possess high resistivity (~2 × 10⁹ Ω·cm), strong ferroelectricity (P_r = 19.1–20.4 μm/cm²), good piezoelectric properties (d₃₃ = 127–128 pC/N, k_p = 36.6%–36.9%), and very high Curie temperature (618°C–636°C). The increase in sintering temperature improves the densification, electric insulation, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics. A small amount of Sc doping (x ≤ 0.04) and the increase in the sintering temperature significantly enhance the ferromagnetic properties of the ceramics. Improved ferromagnetism with remnant magnetization M_r of 0.059 and 0.10 emu/g and coercive field H_c of 2.51 and 2.76 kOe are obtained in the ceramics with x/y = 0.04/1.0 (sintered at 960°C) and 0.02/1.0 (sintered at 1050°C), respectively. Because of the high T_C (636°C), the ceramic with x/y = 0.02/1.0 shows good temperature stability of piezoelectric properties. Our results also show that the addition of MnO₂ is essential to obtain the ceramics with good electrical properties and electric insulation.     

Synthesis and characterization of maleated glycidyl 3‐pentadecenyl phenyl ether as a functionalized plasticizer for styrene–butadiene rubber/carbon black/silica composites

Maleated glycidyl 3‐pentadecenyl phenyl ether (M‐GPPE) was synthesized from glycidyl 3‐pentadecenyl phenyl ether (GPPE), a renewable derivative from cardanol, with maleic anhydride (MAH) by grafting copolymerization. The resulting M‐GPPE was used as a functionalized plasticizer for a styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR)/carbon black (CB)/silica composite. The effects of M‐GPPE on the development of the filler network, the extent of silica dispersion, the curing characteristics, and the mechanical performance of the composites were studied. Meanwhile, a comparative study was performed between M‐GPPE and aromatic oil, a traditional plasticizer used in SBR filler formulations. Gel permeation chromatography and IR and ¹H‐NMR analysis results confirmed the occurrence of the grafting reaction between GPPE and MAH and the potential structure of M‐GPPE. The thermostability of GPPE was improved by grafting copolymerization with MAH, as shown by thermogravimetric analysis results. The presence of M‐GPPE resulted in a shorter curing time and better aging properties in the SBR composite compared with GPPE. The mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical analysis, and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the maleate of GPPE could enhance the compatibility between SBR and silica, improve the dispersion of silica in SBR, and partially replace the aromatic oil in the SBR/CB/silica composite formulation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40462.     

基于AHP—Delphi法的科研人员绩效考评模型

科研人员从事的科研项目研究工作具有自身的特殊性。在分析科研项目工作特点的基础上,建立了科研人员绩效考评指标体系,并提出了用AHP—Delphi法确定科研人员绩效考评指标权重,对科研人员绩效进行考评。     

鹿角形肾结石微创经皮肾镜穿刺取石术安全性及清石率的研究（附125例报告）

目的探讨鹿角形肾结石微创经皮肾镜穿刺取石术的安全性及清石率。方法 2004年5月至2009年2月通过微创经皮肾镜穿刺取石术对125例鹿角形肾结石治疗。所有患者术前均行B超、KUB、IVP、CT、中段尿培养等检查,术前预防性使用抗生素3 d,术中严格控制灌注泵流量（360～400 mL·min^-1）、灌注液温度（26℃左右）。同时应用B超、C臂机X线复查是否有残留结石。结果 86例取净,取净率68.8%,其中1次取净74例59.2%,同一通道2次取净7例5.6%,同一通道3次取净1例0.8%,另行穿刺通道2次取净4例3.2%。所有患者无一例术后出现败血症,无一例血管栓塞,2例输血。结论微创经皮肾镜穿刺取石术是鹿角形肾结石高效、安全的治疗手段,术前的充分准备、术中的细心操作及穿刺途径的选择是手术成功的关键。     

太阳能电池玻璃清洗干燥技术

介绍了太阳能电池玻璃清洗、干燥技术,包括二流体清洗、超声波清洗、纯水冲洗、洗剂清洗、热风干燥等,给出了最佳的清洗工艺。     

低表面处理涂料在港口机械上的应用

在介绍了目前国内通用的港口机械防腐涂料的基础上,针对传统防腐涂料存在的问题,阐述了未来防腐涂料的发展趋势。着重介绍了一种新型的低表面处理特种改性环氧涂料,指出了这种涂料可在100％潮湿带闪锈的表面施工,具有生态环保、无毒阻燃、超强附着力、高边棱保持率的长效防腐性所及在海洋性环境中使用的钢结构中的应用。     

碳化钨颗粒增强铁基表面复合材料离心复合工艺

为了提高回转体零件的耐磨性能,延长其使用寿命,采用离心铸造复合工艺,以碳化钨为增强颗粒,HT200为基体,成功制备了外径为200mm,轴向长度为150mm的碳化钨颗粒增强铁基回转体复合材料。采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等分析方法对复合层颗粒与基体界面进行分析。结果表明,复合材料中复合层在轴向以及径向上均匀分布。颗粒与基材结合良好,无团聚现象。颗粒因为粒径大小的不同而发生溶解,并与基体形成冶金结合。     

一个表征非晶形成能力的新参数

基于文献数据的统计分析,获得了非晶形成能力新参数的表达式ζ=Tg/(Tl-Tx)a.Tx-Tg/(Tl)b。用线性回归方法推导出形成非晶合金的临界尺寸Dmax与ζ的经验公式为Dmax/mm=(1.061±0.067)ζ+(2.490±0.325)。与其他判据相比,这两个公式更加可靠,适用于多种合金体系。