使用菲涅耳透镜的太阳光抽运Nd:YAG激光器

太阳能是规模最大的可再生能源,为充分利用这一资源,太阳光直接抽运激光器是一种明智的选择。提出并搭建了采用两级会聚系统的太阳光抽运激光器系统。使用菲涅耳透镜作为大口径成像型第一级会聚系统,漫反射锥形聚光腔作为非成像型第二级会聚系统提高入射太阳光到工作物质的耦合效率。采用Nd:YAG晶体作为工作物质,获得了2.85 W的激光输出,从太阳光到激光的转换效率为0.43%。从菲涅耳透镜会聚效率、聚光腔内激光棒轴线上的功率分布等会聚系统方面和激光输出特性方面分析了该太阳光抽运激光器的性能;探讨了转换效率低的原因,并提出了相应的改进措施。     

基于VC＋＋的数据库图像存取方法及实现

图像数据在数据库中的存取问题一直是数据库研究的热点。在建立数据库中经常会遇到对图像数据进行处理,但往往对图像数据的处理不同于其他普通数据那么简单,本文在VC＋＋开发环境中,针对SQL Server 2000数据库关系表中图像（BLOB数据）的存取问题进行了初步探讨,选用直接将图像数据存储在数据库关系表中的方法,在VC＋...     

基于DS18B20的MOA温度远程监控系统设计

金属氧化物避雷器(MOA)是防止供电系统和用电设备免受雷电危害的主要设施,一旦出现故障,不但失去应有的防雷作用,且可能带来供电事故.因而为确保MOA正常发挥作用,需要在线监测MOA的运行状态.以MOA阀片温度作为故障特征量,设计了基于DS18B20和AT89S52单片机的实时温度监测系统.研究表明,该系统结构合理,方法...     

等离子体周期结构带通特性研究

本文在Lee W.Cross研究等离子立方体加载频选单元结构的基础上,进一步分析结构带通特性受频选单元、等离子体密度、入射方向及上中下三层介质之间的影响,设计优化等离子周期结构模型,采用高介电常数介质封装等离子体,使其具有恒定带宽和随入射角变化保持稳定的谐振频率,大入射角时3d B带宽比在1.4:1以下,拓展等离子周期结构研究前景。     

基于压缩传感和EMD距离的视频镜头关键帧提取

关键帧提取是视频内容分析与检索技术的核心问题。提出一种基于压缩传感和EMD距离的关键帧提取方法,首先构造一个符合有限等距性质的稀疏矩阵,将帧高维特征投影到低维空间,然后通过计算帧低维特征之间的调节余弦相似度完成子镜头分割。在各子镜头中,利用EMD距离计算帧与子镜头中心的差异,并选择差异最小值所对应的帧作为该子镜头的关键帧。实验结果表明,该方法提取的关键帧能够对视频内容进行准确的描述。     

抑制光纤陀螺径向磁敏感性研究

研究了与光纤线圈平面平行的径向磁场作用下光纤陀螺的磁敏感性,分析了径向磁敏感性的主要机理是光纤扭转。基于此提出了利用补偿光纤环来抑制陀螺的径向磁敏感性的方法,通过控制补偿光纤的扭转分布特性,产生一个可控的补偿相位来抵消原有光纤环的径向磁敏感性误差。建立了补偿相位、径向磁敏感度与光纤扭转分布特性关系的数学模型,并对该模型进行了数据模拟和实验验证。通过定义补偿效能评估了径向磁敏感性的抑制效果,实验结果可以看出,径向磁敏感性补偿效能达到了63.76%,综合磁敏感性补偿效能达到了42.83%,表明该方法可以在一定程度上可以抑制光纤陀螺的径向磁敏感性。     

ICF激光装置靶场光束引导路径的优化研究

为了缩短惯性约束聚变(ICF)激光装置在靶场区光束引导的总时间为基于光束引导传感器固定子区划分的光束引导方法,提供了引导路径的一种优化方法。通过优化预备子区中心到目标子区中心的角度,最小化对引导总时间有贡献的投射镜的角位移量的总和。以终端光学组件的一种布置为研究对象,以引导目标点为靶室中心的情况为例,介绍了引导路径的优化过程。引导总时间的估计表明,与普通的串行光束引导方法相比,该方法可以很大程度上缩短光束引导的总时间。当预备子区中心与目标子区中心之间的距离为1 mm时,引导总时间可以缩短为采用普通串行引导方法时的0.518倍。     

Biospecific Self‐Assembly of a Nanoparticle Coating for Targeted and Stimuli‐Responsive Drug Delivery

Biology provides a range of materials, mechanisms, and insights to meet the diverse requirements of nanomedicine. Here, a biologically based nanoparticle coating system that offers three characteristic features is reported. First, the coating can be self‐assembled through a noncovalent biospecific interaction mechanism between a lectin protein (Concanavalin A) and the polysaccharide glycogen. This biospecific self‐assembly enables the coating to be applied simply without the generation of covalent bonds. Second, glycoprotein‐based biofunctionality can be incorporated into the coating through the same noncovalent biospecific interaction mechanism. Here, the glycoprotein transferrin is incorporated into the coating since this moiety is commonly used to target cancer cells through a receptor‐mediated endocytosis mechanism. Third, the coating can be triggered to disassemble in response to a reduction in pH that is characteristic of endosomal uptake. In a proof‐of‐concept study, comparing coated and uncoated nanoparticles, model drug‐loaded nanoparticles (doxorubicin‐loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles) are prepared and it is observed that the coated nanoparticle has enhanced cytotoxicity for cancer cell lines but attenuated cytotoxicity for noncancerous cell lines. These studies demonstrate that biology provides unique materials and mechanism appropriate to meet the needs for emerging applications in the medical and life sciences.     

Superhydrophobic “Pump”: Continuous and Spontaneous Antigravity Water Delivery

Antigravity transportation of water, which is often observed in nature, is becoming a vital demand for advanced devices and new technology. Many studies have been devoted to the motion of a single droplet on a horizontal or inclined substrate under specific assistance. However, the self‐propelled water motion, especially continuous antigravity water delivery, still remains a considerable challenge. Here, a novel self‐ascending phenomenon driven only by the surface energy release of water droplets is found, and a superhydrophobic mesh to pump water up to a height of centimeter scale is designed. An integrated antigravity transportation system is also demonstrated to continuously and spontaneously pump water droplets without additional driving forces. The present novel finding and integrated devices should serve as a source of inspiration for the design of advanced materials and for the development of new technology with exciting applications in microfluidics, microdetectors, and intelligent systems.     

Probing Molecular and Crystalline Orientation in Solution‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells

The microstructure of solution‐processed organometallic lead halide perovskite thin films prepared by the “gas‐assisted” method is investigated with synchrotron‐based techniques. Using a combination of GIWAXS and NEXAFS spectroscopy the orientational alignment of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ crystallites and CH₃NH₃⁺ cations are separately probed. The GIWAXS results reveal a lack of preferential orientation of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ crystallites in 200–250 nm thick films prepared on both planar TiO₂ and mesoporous TiO₂. Relatively high efficiencies are observed for device based on such films, with 14.3% achieved for planar devices and 12% for mesoporous devices suggesting that highly oriented crystallites are not crucial for good cell performance. Oriented crystallites however are observed in thinner films (≈60 nm) deposited on planar TiO₂ (but not on mesoporous TiO₂) indicating that the formation of oriented crystallites is sensitive to the kinetics of solvent evaporation and the underlying TiO₂ morphology. NEXAFS measurements on all samples found that CH₃NH₃⁺ cations exhibit a random molecular orientation with respect to the substrate. The lack of any NEXAFS dichroism for the thin CH₃NH₃PbI₃ layer deposited on planar TiO₂ in particular indicates the absence of any preferential orientation of CH₃NH₃⁺ cations within the CH₃NH₃PbI₃ unit cell for as‐prepared layers, that is, without any electrical poling.