聚氯乙烯塑料中多种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的同时测定

为了在线监控聚氯乙烯塑料中增塑剂的含量,利用傅立叶变换红外光谱法-ATR技术测定样品的红外光谱,采用偏最小二乘法对所测红外光谱进行分析,建立了一种无损快速分析方法,定量地测定聚氯乙烯塑料中多种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的含量。该方法测量精密度的变异系数小于6%,测量准确度的变异系数小于3%。该方法不受基体的干扰,简单快速,适合于流水线的质量控制。     

Al2O3-SiC-C质主铁沟浇注料的结合相研究

对高炉主出铁沟用Al2O3-SiC-C质浇注料的结合相变化进行了分析，其中涉及到溶胶结合、氮化硅铁为添加物形成的sialon结合、水泥形成的水硬性结合。溶胶结合强度主要来自于化学结合；而sialon结合、水泥结合的强度仍然来自少量水泥形成的水硬性凝固相的作用，因此对烘烤工艺、使用效果的影响不同。     

Deciphering the biosynthetic codes for the potent anti-SARS-CoV cyclodepsipeptide valinomycin in Streptomyces tsusimaensis ATCC 15141

Valinomycin was recently reported to be the most potent agent against severe acute respiratory-syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in infected Vero E6 cells. Aimed at generating analogues by metabolic engineering, the valinomycin biosynthetic gene cluster has been cloned from Streptomyces tsusimaensis ATCC 15141. Targeted disruption of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene abolishes valinomycin production, which confirms its predicted nonribosomal-peptide origin. Sequence analysis of the NRPS system reveals four distinctive modules, two of which contain unusual domain organizations that are presumably involved in the generation of biosynthetic precursors D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid and L-lactic acid. The respective adenylation domains in these two modules contain novel substrate-specificity-conferring codes that might specify for a class of hydroxyl acids for the biosynthesis of the depsipeptide natural products.     

4,4'-二氨基二苯醚的合成与应用

本文介绍了4,4'-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)几种合成方法,并作适当比较,并简要介绍了其在化学工业合成中的应用。     

Rapid Formation of Active Mesoporous TiO2 Photocatalysts via Micelle in a Microwave Hydrothermal Process

Rapid formation of active, mesoporous, and crystalline TiO₂ photocatalysts via a novel microwave hydrothermal process is presented. Crystalline anatase mesoporous nanopowders 100–300 nm in size with worm hole-like pore sizes of 3–5 nm were prepared by a modified sol–gel of titanium tetra-isopropoxide, accelerated by a microwave hydrothermal process. The organic surfactant, tetradecylamine, which is used as a self-assembly micelle in the sol–gel and microwave hydrothermal process, enables to harvest crystallized mesoporous anatase nanoparticles with a high-surface area. Mesoporous worm hole-like and crystalline powders with surface areas of 243–622 m²/g are obtained. X-ray diffraction, N₂-adsorption isotherms (Barrett–Joyner–Halenda and Brunauer–Emmet–Teller method), scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope are used to identify the characteristics and morphologies of the powders. It is shown that crystallization by calcination at 400°C/3 h inevitably reduced the surface area, while the microwave hydrothermal process demonstrated a rapid formation of crystalline mesoporous TiO₂ nanopowders with a high-surface area and excellent photocatalytic effects.     

Dissociation of the 〈001〉 Dislocations and Their Interactions with Dislocation Loops in Tetragonal BaTiO3

Dislocations in pressureless-sintered BaTiO₃ ceramics have been analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Subjected to effective sintering stresses, dislocations were generated and multiplied in plastically deformed BaTiO₃ crystals by the Frank–Read mechanism from both single- and double-ended sources. This is represented by dislocations encompassing a series of square-like borders that shared a common center. All border dislocations exhibited the characteristic scallop shape. True dislocation line directions ( u ) were determined by trace analysis and Burgers vectors ( b ) by contrast analysis for the dislocations dissociated from b =〈001〉 into two half-partials following the type (I) reaction of     by climb on {001}. Dislocation interactions between the main dislocations created from plastic deformation and dislocation loops of b =〈100〉 or 〈110〉 forming condensation of intrinsic Schottky vacancies were also found to obey the type (IV) reaction of     , the type (V) reactions of     . Migrating dislocations and loops interacting mutually in several stages, illustrated schematically, before arriving at the configuration described by types (IV) and (V) were observed and discussed.     

Transformation-Induced Twinning: The 90° and 180° Ferroelectric Domains in Tetragonal Barium Titanate

Ferroelectric twin domains resulting from the cubic ( c ) to tetragonal ( t ) phase transformation at the Curie point T _C≈130°C in pressureless-sintered BaTiO₃ ceramics, using TiO₂-excess powder, have been investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Both 90° and 180° domains were identified by spot splitting along characteristic crystallographic directions in the selected-area diffraction patterns and/or from the shape of domain boundaries. Lamellar domains were found predominantly with the 90° types. The 180° domain boundaries mostly appeared wavy in shape, while the 90° ones, having sharpened ends, attained a dagger shape. Failure of Friedel's law in the non-centrosymmetric t -BaTiO₃ was adopted to validate the existence of the 180° domains. The 90° domains with boundaries lying in     are reflection–inversion twins, and the 180° domains lying in {100) _t and }220) _t are inversion twins. Convergent-beam electron diffraction was performed to ensure that changing of the polar direction [001] _t across the 90° and the 180° domain boundaries was consistent with the domain type. It was also used to confirm whether the 180°-type walls are inversion domain boundaries produced by the loss of an inversion center when the cubic phase transforms into tetragonal symmetry. The formation of such ferroelectric domains is discussed with reference to the crystal symmetry reduction from     ( c -phase) to P 4 mm ( t -phase) with a loss of mirror plane (m) and roto-inversion axis     upon c → t phase transformation.     

Thermophysical and Mechanical Properties of a Three-Dimensional Hi–Nicalon/SiC Composite

Key thermophysical and mechanical properties of a three-dimensional Hi-Nicalon™/silicon carbide (SiC) composite were tested. The relationship between the thermal expansion coefficient and temperature of the composite from room temperature (RT) to 1400°C was similar to that of chemical vapor deposition SiC. The thermal diffusivity of the composite could be well fitted by a logarithmic function. The composite exhibited excellent mechanical properties at RT and high temperature in vacuum. At RT, the flexural strength and flexural modulus were 1193 MPa and 255.6 GPa, respectively. Above 1200°C, the value of the flexural strength and flexural modulus at high temperature in vacuum decreased as the temperature increased, while the fracture toughness increased as the temperature increased.     

Characterization of catalysts and membrane in DMFC lifetime testing

The lifetime and performance of a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) were investigated to understand the correlation between the structure of catalysts/membrane and cell performance versus time. The cell polarization and performance curves were obtained during the DMFC operation with the time. The catalysts and Nafion^® membrane of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) from the lifetime test were comprehensively examined by XRD, HRTEM, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The results revealed that there was significant performance degradation during the first 200 h operation; while the degradation was slowing down between 200 and 704 h operation. The degradation became worse after 1002 h operation. The increases of the catalyst particle size from both anode and cathode catalysts were observed after the DMFC lifetime test. The changes of microstructure, surface composition, the interfacial structure of the MEA, and the aging of Nafion^® under the DMFC lifetime tests were also observed.