Solubility of chloride in molten magnesium metal

The solubilities of chloride (Cl) in liquid magnesium (Mg) have been determined from the analysis of quenched samples of liquid Mg equilibrated with NaCl-MgCl₂ melts of different compositions at temperatures in the range 650–790 °C. As an example, the solubility of Cl in liquid Mg in contact with pure MgCl₂ at 735 °C was found to be approximately 18 ppm. The Cl solubility was found to be proportional to the square root of the MgCl₂ activity in the NaCl-MgCl₂ melt, indicating that MgCl₂ dissolved according to the reaction 0.5MgCl₂ + 0.5Mg(l) = MgCl (in Mg). The temperature dependency of the solubility also was measured. Thermodynamic values related to the dissolution of MgCl₂ in liquid Mg have been estimated.     

Bingo Voting

Wahlen bringen den Willen des Volkes zum Ausdruck und stellen damit einen fundamentalen Baustein für jede Demokratie dar. Forderungen nach einer schnelleren Ausz?hlung haben dazu geführt, dass vermehrt Wahlmaschinen Einsatz finden, trotz der massiven Kritik, die von verschiedenen Seiten ge?u?ert wird. Der Beitrag stellt ein kryptographisches Verfahren vor, das Wahlen mit Wahlmaschinen erlaubt, ohne dabei an Transparenz und Nachvollziehbarkeit einzuben. Das Verfahren wurde mit dem Deutschen IT-Sicherheitspreis 2008 ausgezeichnet.     

Finite element formulation for inflatable beams

The discretized nonlinear equations for bending and buckling of inflatable beams are written by use of the virtual work principle with Timoshenko's kinematics, finite rotations and small strains. The linearized equations around a pre-stressed reference configuration are then deduced, giving rise to a new inflatable beam finite element. The stiffness matrix contains the shear coefficient and the internal pressure. Use is made of the particular 3-node beam element to investigate the bending and the buckling of a cantilever beam, the deflection of a pinched torus and the buckling of a torus submitted to a radial compressive force. The numerical results obtained with the beam element are shown to be close to analytical and three-dimensional (3D) membrane finite element results. The validity of the numerical results is discussed, in connection with the concepts of the crushing force or the wrinkling pressure of the inflated beam.     

驱动LED的CFL镇流器lC

设计者用CFL(紧凑式荧光灯)中的镇流器IC(如国际整流器公司的IR53HD420)来加热灯丝、点亮灯泡.为电灯提供电流(参考文献1).制造商大量生产这些IC,它们的价格大约为2美元.     

100%无焊接IGBT模块——专为汽车工业而设计

减少二氧化碳的排放和可持续性发展——这些是我们这个时代的流行语。为了不辜负这些今天和明天的流行语,需要先进的电控驱动技术涉足新的领域。其中一个最大且最具挑战性的领域是汽车产业.现有的功率模块无法满足该行业的严格要求,这就是为什么它们不能服务市场的原因。为了面对这项挑战,赛米控开发了SKiM（赛米控集成模块）,适用于汽车工业的IGBT模块。[编者按]     

Individual Inventors in the R&D Factory

Are individual inventors still important in today's lean R&D organizations? A study of three R&D organizations in two Swedish companies, both committed to increasingly leaner R&D and with an innovation focus, certainly indicates that a small group of extra innovative inventors in each organization outperform their colleagues in terms of patents applied for. In this paper we discuss how managers can leverage these important individuals and how the fragile inventive space needed for the growth of the next generation of key inventors can be nourished.     

Optical properties of highly transparent polypropylene cast films: Influence of material structure,additives, and processing conditions

Polypropylene homopolymers and ethylene/propylene‐random‐copolymers formulated with and without anti‐blocking additives were extruded to cast films with an industrial scale extruder equipped with a soft box, a specific air knife that expels a higher volume of air at lower velocity. The films were analyzed as to their optical properties haze and clarity. A comprehensive topographical characterization was performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal microscopy. To obtain morphological information on a nanometer scale AFM phase imaging, micro‐thermal analysis and small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) were done. A significant effect of additives and processing conditions on the film topography and the optical properties was revealed. The films without anti‐blocking and antacid aids showed the best optical properties and lowest vertical roughness fluctuations. In contrast, the addition of anti‐blocking and antacid aids reduced the optical properties associated with an increase in surface roughness. While for films without anti‐blocking aids an enhanced soft box condition resulted in lower vertical fluctuations of roughness and better optical properties, the behavior was in reverse for films with anti‐blocking aid. By means of SAXS crystalline lamellae with a thickness of about 2.5 nm were detected. High‐resolution phase imaging AFM yielded thicker crystal lamellae on the film surface. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:520–531, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

A graphics engine for design of three-dimensional structures from standardized component modules

We present an interactive, menu-driven software package which allows the design of three-dimensional structures from standardized component modules. The standardized component modules used as example building blocks in the project are rectangular solids of several sizes.

The system has been designed such that its output (i.e. the design database) can be used to automatically generate a robot motion program to assemble the designed structure.

Presented are the system database and its internal data structure, an object placement-sequencer algorithm, a height specification and interference checking algorithm, and a balance-checking algorithm. To avoid the creation of dynamic obstacles and interference of the robot arm with these obstacles, the proper sequencing of the blocks in the design database is essential. The object placement-sequencer algorithm is responsible for proper sequencing of the blocks in the design database to avoid the aforementioned problem. The height specification and interference checking algorithm automatically generates the proper positioning of a block in the design by performing a sequential search over the accumulated design structure. The stacking feasibility of the blocks in the design is verified by the balance-checking algorithm, prior to the acceptance of the block as a permanent part of the design.