不同形状Janus颗粒自驱动特性数值模拟

Janus颗粒利用自身非对称的表面性质建立浓度梯度场,并在其作用下产生自驱动,在微机电系统、生物学、流体力学等领域具有重要的应用.本文首先建立了模拟这一过程的数值模型,并由Pt-SiO2型Janus微球的实验数据确定了迁移速率匹配常数.随后,研究了3种相同体积、不同形状的Janus颗粒的自驱动,结果表明,与相同体积的球形Janus颗粒相比,圆柱及椭球状Janus颗粒具有更快的自驱动速度,同时燃料消耗更多.对于圆柱状颗粒,研究了粗细程度对圆柱状颗粒自驱动性能的影响,结果表明存在最优的直径与长度比(d/l=0.28).这一研究可为Janus颗粒具体应用提供理论基础.     

银川某桥梁泵送商品混凝土塑性裂缝成因与防治

通过对银川某桥梁结构特点、工程环境条件、混凝土构成、施工工艺和裂缝特征分析,探讨了泵送商品混凝土塑性裂缝成因,有针对性的提出了调整混凝土配合比、养护和二次振捣等防治措施。工程实践表明,该措施经济、有效。     

Pressure Combined with Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Induces Deep Tissue Injury via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in a Rat Pressure Ulcer Model

Pressure ulcer is a complex and significant health problem in long-term bedridden patients, and there is currently no effective treatment or efficient prevention method. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis contributing to the deep injury of pressure ulcers are unclear. The aim of the study was to explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and Akt/GSK3β signaling in pressure ulcers. A model of pressure-induced deep tissue injury in adult Sprague-Dawley rats was established. Rats were treated with 2-h compression and subsequent 0.5-h release for various cycles. After recovery, the tissue in the compressed regions was collected for further analysis. The compressed muscle tissues showed clear cellular degenerative features. First, the expression levels of ER stress proteins GRP78, CHOP, and caspase-12 were generally increased compared to those in the control. Phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated GSK3β were upregulated in the beginning of muscle compression, and immediately significantly decreased at the initiation of ischemia-reperfusion injury in compressed muscles tissue. These data show that ER stress may be involved in the underlying mechanisms of cell degeneration after pressure ulcers and that the Akt/GSK3β signal pathway may play an important role in deep tissue injury induced by pressure and ischemia/reperfusion.     

Effects of high solid concentrations on the efficacy of enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast cells and the taste characteristics of the resulting hydrolysates

Effects of solid concentrations on enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast cells and the taste characteristics of the resulting hydrolysates were examined. Results showed that increased solid concentrations ranging from 10% to 30% resulted in a mild increase in degree of hydrolysis (DH) of hydrolysates during the whole hydrolysis process, whereas an obvious inhibition effect on DH was found at hydrolysates with 40% of solid concentration. The levels of amino nitrogen and total nitrogen of supernatant with 40% of solid concentration were six‐fold higher than those of hydrolysates with 10% of solid concentration at all hydrolysis time. After 21 h of hydrolysis, there was no significant difference in molecular weight distributions of hydrolysates with different solid concentrations, while a significant increase in amino acid contents of hydrolysates with high solid concentrations was found. Results from sensory evaluation showed that the intensities of umami, mouthfulness and continuity in umami solution could be significantly improved by supplementing with the resulting hydrolysates with high solid concentrations.     

Graph-based semi-supervised learning via improving the quality of the graph dynamically

Machine Learning - Graph-based semi-supervised learning (GSSL) is an important paradigm among semi-supervised learning approaches and includes the two processes of graph construction and label...     

A temporal stable node-based smoothed finite element method for three-dimensional elasticity problems

A stabilized node-based smoothed finite element method (sNS-FEM) is formulated for three-dimensional (3-D) elastic-static analysis and free vibration analysis. In this method, shape functions are generated using finite element method by adopting four-node tetrahedron element. The smoothed Galerkin weak form is employed to create discretized system equations, and the node-based smoothing domains are used to perform the smoothing operation and the numerical integration. The stabilization term for 3-D problems is worked out, and then propose a strain energy based empirical rule to confirm the stabilization parameter in the formula. The accuracy and stability of the sNS-FEM solution are studied through detailed analyses of benchmark cases and actual elastic problems. In elastic-static analysis, it is found that sNS-FEM can provide higher accuracy in displacement and reach smoother stress results than the reference approaches do. And in free vibration analysis, the spurious non-zero energy modes can be eliminated effectively owing to the fact that sNS-FEM solution strengths the original relatively soft node-based smoothed finite element method (NS-FEM), and the natural frequency values provided by sNS-FEM are confirmed to be far more accurate than results given by traditional methods. Thus, the feasibility, accuracy and stability of sNS-FEM applied on 3-D solid are well represented and clarified.     

Inverted polymer solar cells with a solution-processed cesium halide interlayer

We demonstrate the utility of a low-cost cesium iodide interlayer spun from an aqueous or 2-ethoxyethanol solution on ITO in inverted polymer solar cells of the structure ITO/CsI/P3HT:PCBM/MoO₃/Al, where P3HT is poly(3-hexylthiophene) and PCBM is [6,6]-phenyl-C₆₀-butyric acid methyl ester. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of optimized cells was ～3.4%, comparable to that we obtained for inverted cells with Cs carbonate. The thickness of the CsI film was adjusted by varying the solution concentration. The concentration affected the surface morphology of P3HT:PCBM and the density of fractal-like aggregates (possibly related to the presence of Cs and film fabrication conditions) formed near the anode, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Auger analysis indicated a P3HT-rich surface. Optimization of the cells was achieved also by varying the thickness of the MoO₃ and the drying/annealing conditions of the active layer, as was evident from the current–voltage characteristics, external quantum efficiency spectra, and PCE. The cells with the CsI interlayer were compared additionally to cells with CsCl or CsF interlayers (with a PCE of up to ～2.7%), which were inferior to the comparable cells with Cs₂CO₃ or CsI. The surface concentrations of Cs and the halide on ITO were monitored using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The iodine level was low with the Cs:I ratio exceeding 8:1. In contrast, the Cs:Cl ratio was ～1.4:1 and the Cs:F ratio was ～1:1; the Cs₂CO₃ decomposed partially, as expected. Therefore, for CsI, as is the case for Cs₂CO₃ but not for CsF, Cs–O bonds are formed at the surface. Such bonds on ITO are important in modifying the ITO work function, improving the cell performance. The results indicate that spin coating solutions of the high polarity CsI is a promising and easy approach to introduce Cs–O on ITO in inverted structures for increased electron extraction from PCBM and possibly hole extraction from the P3HT-rich surface at the anode.     

Fabrication and properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)-based polymer electrolyte membranes for direct methanol fuel cell applications

A series of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based organic–inorganic crosslinked polymer electrolyte membranes with PVA and poly(methacrylic acid-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-vinyltriethoxysilicone) (PMAV) are prepared for direct methanol fuel cell applications. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements clearly reveal the existence of crosslinking reactions and molecular interactions in PVA–PMAV membranes. The results of TGA show that the PVA–PMAV membranes possess good thermal stability. The uptake behavior, methanol diffusion coefficient, proton conductivity and selectivity of membranes also are investigated as function of PMAV content. The results indicate that the PVA-based organic–inorganic crosslinked membranes are particularly promising to be used as polymer electrolyte membranes due to their excellent methanol barrier property, suitable proton conductivity and high selectivity.     

Analysis of the risk-sharing ratio in PPP projects based on government minimum revenue guarantees

Public-private partnership (PPP) projects have been widely applied in infrastructure construction. A suitable risk distribution strategy is crucial for promoting negotiations between the government and investors. The government usually provides guarantees to investors to distribute risk. However, an excessive guarantee increases the government's financial burden, whereas an insufficient guarantee reduces the confidence of the investors participating in the project. In a minimum revenue guarantee (MRG), the government subsidizes the investors the difference between the actual revenue and the government guarantee line if there is a loss. In PPP power plant and highway projects, investors' revenues come from two sources: government guarantees and the project company's self-sale. To support project companies and to optimize the projects' benefits, the government should set a reasonable benchmark for purchase amounts. Based on the traditional principal-agent model, this paper introduces the reciprocal preference theory to analyze the risk-sharing ratio most suitable for the government. Then, an optimal incentive mechanism is established to guarantee the project's income. The results indicate that by setting a different guarantee strategy for different participants, the government can utilize reciprocal preference to incentivize investors to exert more effort during a partnership and avoid moral hazard.     

REPAIR: fragile watermarking for encrypted speech authentication with recovery ability

Telecommunication Systems - Confidentiality and integrity are fundamental requirements when transmitting and storing data. In order to guarantee the confidentiality and integrity of speech signal,...