机械强扭式井下杆柱旋转工艺的研究与应用

有杆泵机采系统中和点下部杆柱的失稳弯曲会造成杆管泵之间的偏磨。杆柱底部加重并配套扶正器可以在一定程度上缓解中和点至滑杆间杆管的偏磨,但是滑杆自身以及柱塞偏磨却得不到有效解决。基于此,开展了底部杆柱旋转抗磨工艺技术研究,发明了机械强扭式井下杆柱旋转器。将该旋转器安装在杆柱中和点以下一定位置,通过均置滑块与闭环轨道的精密配合联动机构,依靠上、下交变载荷变抽油杆的直线往复为正向旋转,强制带动工具以下包括柱塞在内的杆柱实现整体旋转抗磨。机械强扭式井下杆柱旋转工艺在现场应用21井次,6井次已收到延长油井免修期效果。其中,沔26斜-3井使用该工艺后减少了柱塞间隙漏失量,日产油由使用前的0.7 t增至1.3 t,日增油0.6 t,有效期68 d,累计增油41 t。     

Synthesis of Plastic Mg-Based Bulk-Metallic-Glass Matrix Composites by Bridgman Solidification

The microstructures of the in-situ Mg-based bulk-metallic-glass (BMG) matrix composites synthesized by the copper-mold casting are inhomogeneous, and the optimized mechanical properties are usually realized through alloy composition design. In this article, Mg-based BMG matrix composites containing uniform flake-shaped precipitates with a fixed composition of Mg₇₀Cu_8.33Ni_8.33Gd_8.33Zn₅ were synthesized by the Bridgman solidification. Adjusting the withdrawal velocities controlled the size and volume fractions of the precipitates in the composites, and large plasticity was obtained by controlling the cooling condition only. Thus, the Bridgman solidification is an effective way not only to fabricate the homogeneous BMG matrix composites but also to tailor and optimize their mechanical properties.     

Effects of pressure and vibration on the thermal decomposition of cubic Ti1-x Al x N, Ti1-x Zr x N, and Zr1-x Al x N coatings: a first-principles study

Thermodynamic properties as well as the miscibility gap (binodal) and spinodal decompositions of the cubic Ti_1-x Al _x N, Ti_1-x Zr _x N, and Zr_1-x Al _x N coating alloys have been computed using first-principles calculations. Herein, the cluster expansion method and especially the special quasirandom structure are employed to describe the disordered alloys. The effects of pressure and lattice vibration on the miscibility gaps and spinodal decompositions of the above alloys have been investigated by means of Helmholtz free energy with the vibrational contribution depicted with the Debye-Grüneisen model. It is found that the application of hydrostatic pressure promotes the isostructural decomposition of Ti_1-x Al _x N, Ti_1-x Zr _x N, and Zr_1-x Al _x N alloys, whereas the vibrational contribution decreases the consolute temperature of the phase separation. Our results indicate that the improved age-hardening behavior of cubic Ti_1-x Al _x N coatings with the addition of Zr arises from the enlarged composition range of binodal and spinodal curves at specified temperatures. Our results are in good agreement with the available experimental data and provide a useful insight into the investigation of age-hardening and characterization of Ti–Al–Zr–N-based coatings for high-temperature applications.     

Effect of sodium silicate pretreatment on phosphate layer: Morphology and corrosion resistance behavior

Phosphating is a widely adopted treatment in industry for many purposes. In this paper, carbon steel was pretreated with sodium silicate before phosphating. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical measurements were used to evaluate the pretreatment effect by sodium silicate on the phosphating layer. The results demonstrate that the phosphate layer pretreated by sodium silicate has a better corrosion resistance as compared with the un‐pretreated ones. More compact and uniform coatings composed of finer crystals were obtained with the pretreatment of sodium silicate.     

Effect of porosity on the crack pattern and residual strength of ceramics after quenching

The effect of porosity on the crack characteristics of ceramics after water-quenching is studied by measuring the cracks in ceramic sheets. The result reveals that the pore volume fraction has a slight effect on the enhancement of thermal shock resistance of ceramics when the porosity ranges from 0 to 20 %, because the length and density of the long crack in porous alumina are always slightly less than that in dense alumina. This result is in agreement with the prediction based on the minimum potential energy principle using experimentally measured data. Moreover, the proportion of the strength reduction in the third regime decreases significantly with increasing porosity, because the strength of unquenched specimens decreases more rapidly than that of quenched specimens with increasing porosity. The results of this study may help to further understand the thermal shock behavior of ceramics.     

可维修备用系统的可靠度分析

对于只能通过定期检查发现故障的可维修备用系统,由于可维修时间的不连续性,无法使用一般方法进行可靠性预计的情况,给出了一种可靠性预计方法,并通过实例说明了此方法的合理性。     

Mathematical model and algorithm of toolpath optimisation on aircraft structural parts

An intelligent toolpath (processing sequence) planning for fabricating aircraft structural parts is developed to obtain a minimum-length toolpath while maintaining the required machining time. The problem is first solved in the following ways. Firstly, an abstraction of the machining process is proposed to pick up the feed/retract points of each feature to be machined as the toolpath calculation basis. Secondly, the chaotic simulated annealing method is improved through storing the optimal solution, adding the control condition and selecting each parameter reasonably during the iteration of the algorithm so as to enhance its performance. What’s more, three solution-generating methods are used chaotically to obtain a better result. Lastly, the verification is conducted on four different aircraft structural parts, and the results prove that the proposed algorithm performs very well in terms of toolpath quality and computation time.     

Ionomer content effects on the electrocatalyst layer with in-situ grown Pt nanowires in PEMFCs

The effects of ionomer contents were investigated in composite electrodes with in-situ grown single crystal Pt nanowires (Pt-NWs) for PEMFCs, including the amount in the carbon matrix and impregnated on the surface of the electrocatalyst layer. The electrocatalyst layer was prepared by growing Pt-NWs directly on the carbon matrix with a simple one-step wet chemical approach at room temperature. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polarization curve tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were employed to evaluate the ionomer effects. The experimental results showed that the ionomer in the carbon matrix had an influence on the ionic conductivity and aggregation and distribution of the Pt-NWs, and the ionomer impregnated on the surface of the electrocatalyst layer affected the mass transport and ionic conductivity. The performance of the MEA was improved by optimizing the ionomer contents.