煤化工废水设备沉积物清洗剂的研制

针对煤化工废水流经设备中的沉积物,研发出一种具有良好清洗能力的清洗剂。该清洗剂以水作为主要溶剂,添加适量的表面活性剂(AEO-9:1%,AES:3%,OP-10:4%)、高沸点有机溶剂(乙二醇丁醚:20%)、清洗助剂(三聚磷酸钠:3%,硅酸钠:0.5%,适量氢氧化钠)。通过性能评价实验,测得沉积物溶解度能达到约75%。初步的工业试验结果表明,该清洗剂除垢能力较强。采用在线清洗装置,经过5 h的清洗,可较彻底地去除设备中的沉积物。     

Investigation on the morphology and tensile behavior of β‐nucleated isotactic polypropylene with different stereo‐defect distribution

Large amount of work has been published on the tacticity‐properties relationship of isotactic polypropylene (iPP). However, the stereo‐defect distribution dependence of morphology and mechanical properties of β‐nucleated iPP (β‐iPP) is still not clear. In this study, two different iPP resins (PP‐A and PP‐B) with similar average isotacticity but different uniformities of stereo‐defect distribution were selected, their β‐iPP injection molding specimens were prepared, and the morphology evolution and tensile behaviors were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 2D wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (2D‐WAXD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). DSC results showed that with the same concentration of β‐nucleating agent (0.3 wt % WBG‐II), PP‐B with more uniform stereo‐defect distribution exhibited more amount of β‐phase than that of PP‐A with less uniform stereo‐defect distribution, indicating that PP‐B is more favorable for the formation of β‐phase. SEM results showed that PP‐B formed more amount of β‐crystals with relatively high structural perfection, while in PP‐A a mixed morphology of α‐ and β‐phase with obviously higher amount of structural imperfection emerges. The results of room‐temperature tensile test indicated that the yield peak width of PP‐B was obviously wider, and the elongation at break of PP‐B was higher than that of PP‐A, showing a better ductile of PP‐B. The morphology evolution results of SEM, 2D‐WAXD and DSC suggest that, a combination of lamellar deformation and amorphous deformation occurred in PP‐A, while only amorphous deformation mainly took place in PP‐B, which was thought to be the reason for the different tensile behaviors of the samples. In the production of β‐PP products via injection molding, the uniformity of stereo‐defect distribution was found to be an important factor. PP with more uniform distribution of stereo‐defect favors the formation of large amount of β‐phase with high perfection, which exhibit superior ductile property. The related mechanism was discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014 , 131, 40027.     

基于体外模型研究广叶绣球菌多糖的酵解特性

目的:通过人体新鲜粪便酵解模型研究广叶绣球菌多糖在体外的酵解特性,以便为其体内的消化特性研究提供理论支持.方法:制备广叶绣球菌多糖和人体粪便菌群混合液,在无氧环境下发酵0、1、2、6、12、24、48h后,检测酵解液中的OD600值、pH值,总糖、还原糖、短链脂肪酸(乙酸、丙酸、丁酸)含量,乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和大肠杆菌...     

硫酸铵盐制备氧化铝粉体及透明氧化铝陶瓷的微观结构

通过X射线衍射及扫描电镜,对在生产线上硫酸铵盐制得的类球形高纯氧化铝粉体进行了表征,并探讨了粉体表观特征对透明氧化铝陶瓷微观结构的影响.结果表明:在温度超过1 200 ℃时,获得的氧化铝粉体为三方α-Al2O3类球形晶粒,粉体中未发现γ-Al2O3.粉体的比表面积对陶瓷的烧成收缩有重要影响.采用干压成型时,具有适当低的比表面积的粉体制备透明氧化铝陶瓷时,有利于稳定其晶相结构,晶粒尺寸与粉体的比表面积有一定的关系.     

SKI-210催化二甲苯异构化反应的动力学研究

利用固定床反应装置,研究了SKI-210催化二甲苯异构化反应动力学。反应网络包括3种二甲苯异构体之间的连串主反应和二甲苯的歧化副反应。选择基于Langmuir吸附的一级反应动力学模型,采用初始速率法拟合得到反应速率常数和吸附平衡常数。模型计算得到的反应转化率与试验值吻合较好。利用该模型进行模拟分析,能较准确地描述反应条件对对二甲苯收率的影响。     

一种用于北斗卫星导航系统监测站的故障监测与诊断设计

监测站是北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）地面监控部分的重要组成之一,设备类型和数量众多,在长期运行过程中,随着运行时间累积、设备老化,各种设备出现故障不可避免。为了保障BDS整体长期稳定运行,必须最大限度减少监测站因设备故障造成的运行中断时间,这对于设备故障的快速检测和定位就显得尤为重要。基于此,设计了一种用于北斗卫星导航系统监测站的故障监测与诊断方法,从设备故障的自动监测和智能诊断两个层次来进行故障处理,能够快速检测和定位出故障设备和原因,及时更换故障设备或模块,使监测站尽快恢复正常运行。     

二维Hilbert-Huang变换的分解方法研究

该文根据Hilbert-Huang变换的原理,给出了二维内蕴模式函数分量的递推形式,实现了二维Hilbert—Huang变换的分解方法,并在图像分解应用中取得了满意的效果,从而拓展了Hilbert—Huang变换的应用范围。通过把原始图像自适应分解成有限数量的子图像,图像的细节能清晰地被分解出来,这在数字图像处理中有很重要的意义。     

Preparation of high-performance reverse osmosis membrane by zwitterionic polymer coating in a facile one-step way

Aiming at preparing high-performance polyamide (PA) reverse osmosis (RO) membrane in a facile and high effective way, the codeposition strategy of dopamine and zwitterionic polymer was first applied to modify PA RO membrane. The noncovalent bonds between dopamine and Poly [2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (PSPE) act to fix PSPE onto the membrane surface and simultaneously destroy the interaction force between dopamine aggregations so that the modified layer could equably form on the PA layer. PSPE significantly improved the hydrophilicity [the water contact angle (WCA) of S-D-3 is 25.3°] of the modified membrane. And, the smoother surface was noticed on the modified membrane. All of these endow the PSPE/dopamine modified membrane superb water flux (the maximum water flux is 51.86 L m⁻¹ h⁻¹ at 1.6 MPa and 25 °C) and impressive antifouling and anti-adhesion properties to bovine serum albumin (BSA) (protein), sodium dodecyl sulfate (anionic surfactant), and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (cationic surfactant) with salt retention was well maintained. Notably, in the BSA fouling test, nearly 100% of the flux recovery ratio was achieved. This method is promising to be employed in industrial scale-up production. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48355.     

Direct coagulation casting of silicon carbide suspension via polyelectrolyte dispersant crosslink reaction

A direct coagulation casting method for silicon carbide ceramic suspension using dispersant crosslink reaction is reported. Polymer electrolyte (polyethyleneimine, PEI) was used as dispersant to prepare silicon carbide suspension. Common food additives (carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) were used to coagulate the electrosteric stabilized silicon carbide suspension. There was a well disperse silicon carbide suspension with 0.2 wt% PEI at pH = 5-6. Influence of coagulant on viscosity and zeta potential of the silicon carbide suspension was investigated. It indicates that the high solid loading silicon carbide suspension can be destabilized and coagulated at elevated temperature. It can be attribute to the gradual decrease of electrosteric force due to the crosslink reaction between PEI and CMC. Silicon carbide wet green body with compressive strength of 1.99 MPa could be demolded at 70°C which is higher than that prepared by traditional DCC and dispersant reaction method for nonoxide ceramics. Dense silicon carbide ceramics with relative density above 98.8% and 99.3% had been prepared by liquid phase pressureless and hot pressed sintering, respectively.     

放射性惰性气体4π叠层探测器研制

核电场所产生的放射性惰性气体辐射场主要为β-γ混合场,叠层探测器具有良好的β-γ甄别能力。为了测量放射性惰性气体,研制了一套4π叠层探测器。该叠层探测器主要是由内层侧壁厚度为1 mm的中空圆柱形塑料闪烁体EJ-200,外叠加一层侧壁厚度为20 mm的碘化铯闪烁体CsI(Tl)组成的探头,两个圆柱底面用硅油耦合光电倍增管(Photomultiplier Tube,PMT),使用意大利CAEN公司的DT5790波形数字采样器和DPP-PSD(Digital Pulse Processing-Pulse Shape Discrimination)控制探头输出信号的获取和处理,后端使用ROOT和MATLAB软件对获取结果进行处理。通过使用~(133)Ba和~(137)Cs放射源对该探测器进行标定刻度,实现了β-γ信号甄别,表明该4π叠层探测器具备测量放射性惰性气体的能力。