Student–educator sex in clinical and counseling psychology doctoral training.

This study assessed reported rates of sexual liaisons between students and educators during doctoral training in clinical or counseling psychology. One thousand American Psychological Association members (600 women & 400 men) were anonymously surveyed with a mailed questionnaire; response rate was 51%. Though only 2% of the male respondents reported sexual contact with an educator, 15% of the female respondents reported having had such contact. The modal liaison was between a 40-year-old, married male educator and a 30-year-old, single female student in her 2nd year of graduate training. No sexual contacts occurred in the absence of a working relationship. Respondents were, in retrospect, more likely to view the sexual relationship as coercive, ethically problematic, and a hindrance to the working relationship compared to how they viewed it at the time it occurred. The authors suggest changes in professional training and revisions to the ethics code. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Motion coding of image primitives

We introduce an algorithm for matching stationary or moving image primitive lines between adjacent frames of a video sequence. Starting from local measures of proximity and similarity of shape, the algorithm computes the distance between pairs of primitives. It has strategies for dealing with broken lines and various kinds of connections between lines. The output of the algorithm is used to control a motion coding system, where only unmatched threads need be transmitted. The system can function in a simple conditional replenishment mode, or with motion compensation. Experimental results are reported showing an improvement of compression rate of 2:1 between intraframe primitivebased coding and motion-compensated primitive-based coding.     

The relationship between dietary phytosterols and the sterols of wild and cultivated oysters

Wild oysters (Crassostrea virginica) contained cholesterol, 24-methyl-cholesta-5, 22-dienol, 24-methylenecholesterol, 22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-ethylcholesterol, 24-norcholesta-5, 22-dienol, 24-ethylcholesta-5, 22-dienol and fucosterol. The same species was cultivated on a defined diet ofThalassiosira pseudonana andIsochrysis sp. The dietary algae were cultured and their sterol compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy.T. pseudonana andIsochrysis sp. had 24-methylenecholesterol and 24-methyl-cholesta-5, 22-dienol as their major sterols. The sterol composition of the cultivated oysters revealed the predominance of cholesterol (19%), 24-methyl-cholesta-5, 22-dienol (21%) and 24-methylenecholesterol (46%). Therefore, oysters must be able to bioconvert phytosterols to cholesterol, concentrate dietary cholesterol, or synthesize cholesterol de novo.     

Taxonomic implication of sterol composition in the genusChlorella

Thirty-five isolates of the genusChlorella were grown under standardized conditions and analyzed for sterol composition. Six different sterol synthetic patterns were found. Two patterns were characterized by nuclear unsaturation at C-5 and one type by nuclear unsaturation at C-7. The remaining isolates all synthesize sterols with a diunsaturated nucleus (C-5+C-7) with various modifications. Subtype 1 synthesizes only C₂₈ sterols, subtype 2 produces C₂₈ and C₂₉ sterols, and subtype 3 (1 isolate) produces C₂₈ sterols with nuclear unsaturation at C-5+C-8 in addition to the Δ^5,7 C₂₈ sterols seen in the first 2 subtypes. Comparison of the sterol composition of strains shared in common with taxonomic researchers showed good correlation with the taxonomic scheme of Fott and Novakova which has been confirmed by Kessler and coworkers using other biochemical markers. Scientific article no. A-3030, contribution no. 6093 of the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station.     

The origin of strain-rate sensitivity in OFHC copper

This investigation was conducted to determine the nature of the strain-rate sensitivity of OFHC copper at room temperature. In particular, the relative magnitudes of the dynamic contribution (particle inertia, suppression of thermal assistance, and so forth) and the nondynamic contribution (namely, the accelerated rate of strain hardening observed at high strain rates) to the strain-rate sensitivity were determined. Specimens were dynamically compressed using the Hopkinson pressure bar technique, and then were reloaded quasistatically to determine their respective yield strengths. The dynamic contribution to strainrate sensitivity was taken as the difference between the peak dynamic flow stress and the flow stress of the same specimen when reloaded quasistatically. The nondynamic contribution to strain-rate sensitivity of the flow stress was taken as the difference between the quasistatic flow stress in reloading of a specimen prestrained ε₀ dynamically and the flow stress at ε₀ for a sample deformed in uniaxial quasistatic compression. The room temperature dynamic flow-stress of OFHC copper, deformed at 500s⁻¹, was found to be 25 pct higher than the conventional quasistatic flow stress for this metal over a strain range of 0.08 to 0.20. The nondynamic contribution to strain-rate sensitivity was found to be about 60 pct of the total flow stress increase and has been attributed to a difference in strainhardening at different strain rates. Thus, it appears that in OFHC copper at room temperature and at strain rates of about 500s⁻¹, the nondynamic contribution to strain-rate sensitivity is more significant than the dynamic contribution.     

The effect of γ-interferon to inhibit macrophage-high density lipoprotein interactions is reversed by Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2J2

Macrophage activation has been recognized as playing a central role in chronic inflammatory diseases in general and more specifically, in the vascular wall during the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Macrophage-activating factors present within the atherosclerotic lesion include the colony-stimulating factors and gamma interferon (IFN_γ). In the present study, the effects of IFN_γ on macrophage binding and uptake of fluorochrome-labeled high density lipoprotein (HDL) were investigated by flow cytometry and by measuring the amount of the type B scavenger receptors CD36 and scavenger receptor type B (SR-BI) by Northern blot analysis. IFN_γ-, but not granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-treated murine peritoneal macrophages displayed a two- to threefold decrease in Dil-labeled HDI uptake. This effect was observed in the absence of a comparable decrease in SR-BI meassage and protein or CD36 message. This decrease in both HDL binding and uptake was reversed by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR_γ) agonist, Δ^12,14-prostaglandin J₂ (15d-PGJ₂), which also inhibited the IFN_γ inductin of the β2 integrin CD1 1a. Furthermore, 15d-PGJ₂ increased the expression of SR-BI and CD36 message and SR-BI protein which was reflected in an increase in HDL binding and uptake. These results suggest a role for PPAR_γ agonists in modulating the IFN_γ-mediated macrophage effector functions relevant to atherosclerotic disease progression.     

Improving diabetes self-management through acceptance, mindfulness, and values: A randomized controlled trial.

Patients in a low-income community health center with Type 2 diabetes (N = 81) taking a one-day education workshop as part of their diabetes medical management were randomly assigned either to education alone or to a combination of education and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Both groups were taught how to manage their diabetes, but those in the ACT condition also learned to apply acceptance and mindfulness skills to difficult diabetes-related thoughts and feelings. Compared with patients who received education alone, after 3 months those in the ACT condition were more likely to use these coping strategies, to report better diabetes self-care, and to have glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) values in the target range. Mediational analyses indicated that changes in acceptance coping and self-management behavior mediated the impact of treatment on changes in HbA1C. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A Compact Model for Valence-Band Electron Tunneling Current in Partially Depleted SOI MOSFETs

The valence-band electron (EVB) tunneling current in partially depleted silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFETs increases as the gate oxide gets thinner and affects the dynamic behavior of devices and circuits. We present an engineering model of EVB tunneling current based on the surface-potential formulation. The new model is implemented in a SOI MOSFET compact model and is used to study the impact of EVB tunneling on circuit performance. Simulations of stacked logic gates show that the EVB tunneling current not only boosts circuit switching speed but also mitigates the history dependence of propagation delays     

Understanding barriers to home‐based and self‐care in‐center hemodialysis

Despite superior outcomes and lower associated costs, relatively few patients with end‐stage renal disease undergo self‐care or home hemodialysis. Few studies have examined patient‐ and physician‐specific barriers to self‐care and home hemodialysis in the modern era. The degree to which innovative technology might facilitate the adoption of these modalities is unknown. We surveyed 250 patients receiving in‐center hemodialysis and 51 board‐certified nephrologists to identify key barriers to adoption of self‐care and home hemodialysis. Overall, 172 (69%) patients reported that they were “likely” or “very likely” to consider self‐care hemodialysis if they were properly trained on a new hemodialysis system designed for self‐care or home use. Nephrologists believed that patients were capable of performing many dialysis‐relevant tasks, including: weighing themselves (98%), wiping down the chair and machine (84%), clearing alarms during treatment (53%), taking vital signs (46%), and cannulating vascular access (41%), but thought that patients would be willing to do the same in only 69%, 34%, 31%, 29%, and 16%, respectively. Reasons that nephrologists believe patients are hesitant to pursue self‐care or home hemodialysis do not correspond in parallel or by priority to reasons reported by patients. Self‐care and home hemodialysis offer several advantages to patients and dialysis providers. Overcoming real and perceived barriers with new technology, education and coordinated care will be required for these modalities to gain traction in the coming years.     

Trends of night-time hourly cloud-cover values over Manila Observatory: ground-based remote-sensing observations using a digital camera for 13 months

ABSTRACT

Night-time cloud detection provides data sets of cloud-cover percentage. Although night-time cloud-cover data sets from satellite-based instruments are common, these data sets do not have relatively high temporal resolution. To quantify local temporal cloud-cover variability and to attain long-term cloud-cover measurements, ground-based instruments would be the appropriate apparatus. In this study, a digital camera is used to continuously gather images of the night sky at 5-min intervals over Manila Observatory (14.64° N, 121.07° E). For the first time in Manila, ground-based remote-sensing data gathered from October 2015 to October 2016 are analysed for hourly cloud cover. The results indicate that wet season has relatively higher cloud-cover values (median >40%) as compared to the dry season (median <40%). Moreover, cloud-cover values are observed to decrease during the night. For the wet season, August having the highest cloud-cover values has the highest value of change of hourly cloud-cover percentage (?0.82% h^?1). For the dry season, February having the lowest cloud-cover values has the highest value of change of hourly cloud-cover percentage (?1.04% h^?1).