Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in pork liver sausage containing 22–67% fat, and antilisterial activities of sodium lactate, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate and sodium propionate were studied during storage at 4C and 10C. Commercial pork liver sausage batter (22% fat), alone and with additions of lard (15, 30, and 45% by weight) were tested. Concentrations of 1.8% sodium lactate, 0.1% sorbate as the acid or the potassium salt, and 0.2% sodium propionate were tested in heat sterilized sausage inoculated with a 24 h culture of the organism (104 CFU/g). Fat content alone caused small reductions in cell numbers by the end of the storage periods: from log CFU/g of 9.9 to 9.4 after 14 days at 10C, and from 7.3 to 6.5 after 50 days at 4C in the basic sausage formulation and with 45% added fat, respectively. The inhibitory activities of lactate and propionate increased with increase in fat content, and were more pronounced at 4C, where the effects were listericidal. Inhibition by sorbic acid was least influenced by the fat content, and the potassium salt was less antilisterial than the acid. 相似文献
A new adaptive controller is presented here for rigid-body robotic manipulators. It is stable and robust with respect to a class of external disturbances. The robustness of the adaptive controller is established without the ‘slow-varying’ assumption and the computationally demanding regressor matrix. The control law consists of a non-adaptive PD control part and an adaptive control part. It uses two adaptive matrices to compensate two uniformly bounded coefficient matrices derived from the original dynamics. A α σ|q?|-modified adaptive law is designed to adjust the adaptive matrices. A Lyapunov-type stability analysis indicates that the closed-loop system is uniformly ultimately bounded. The tracking error and compensation error will eventually converge into a closed region, which can be made arbitrarily small by adjusting the controller parameters. Simulation results are included to demonstrate the performance of the proposed controller. 相似文献
Infiltration and localization of preferential infiltration zones at the dam abutment are measured using radioactive tracer tests of flow in boreholes,meanwhile interconnection between boreholes and the energing water points is analysed.The theory and practice of radioactive tracer synthetic detective method are described to give methods and calculation formulae used under the condition of stable flow in single well to measure permeability coefficient and hydrostatic heads.Major single hole techniques including measurement for seepage line,velocity,rate of seepage flow and relationship of recharge of groundwater in aquifers are introduced briefly.The possibilities offered by natureal tracers are analysed,uincluding electric-conduct,pH-value and temperature of water as well as stable isotopes(D,^18O) and tritium.Furthermore,the sensibilities of this theory and methods were confirmed by detecting seepage flow field of Xinanjiang Dam. 相似文献
In the context of human-robot and robot-robot interactions, the better cooperation can be achieved by predicting the other party’s subsequent actions based on the current action of the other party. The time duration for adjustment is not sufficient provided by short term forecasting models to robots. A longer duration can by achieved by mid-term forecasting. But the mid-term forecasting models introduce the previous errors into the follow-up forecasting and amplified gradually, eventually invalidating the forecasting. A new mid-term forecasting with error suppression based on restricted Boltzmann machine(RBM) is proposed in this paper. The proposed model can suppress the error amplification by replacing the previous inputs with their features, which are retrieved by a deep belief network(DBN). Furthermore, a new mechanism is proposed to decide whether the forecasting result is accepted or not. The model is evaluated with several datasets. The reported experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed model compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.
Microsystem Technologies - This paper introduces a method of replicating electrical circuits through a series of specific requirements as part of a design methodology referred to as Intrinsically... 相似文献