Biofilm and Small Colony Variants—An Update on Staphylococcus aureus Strategies toward Drug Resistance

Recently, the drawbacks arising from the overuse of antibiotics have drawn growing public attention. Among them, drug-resistance (DR) and even multidrug-resistance (MDR) pose significant challenges in clinical practice. As a representative of a DR or MDR pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus can cause diversity of infections related to different organs, and can survive or adapt to the diverse hostile environments by switching into other phenotypes, including biofilm and small colony variants (SCVs), with altered physiologic or metabolic characteristics. In this review, we briefly describe the development of the DR/MDR as well as the classical mechanisms (accumulation of the resistant genes). Moreover, we use multidimensional scaling analysis to evaluate the MDR relevant hotspots in the recent published reports. Furthermore, we mainly focus on the possible non-classical resistance mechanisms triggered by the two important alternative phenotypes of the S. aureus, biofilm and SCVs, which are fundamentally caused by the different global regulation of the S. aureus population, such as the main quorum-sensing (QS) and agr system and its coordinated regulated factors, such as the SarA family proteins and the alternative sigma factor σB (SigB). Both the biofilm and the SCVs are able to escape from the host immune response, and resist the therapeutic effects of antibiotics through the physical or the biological barriers, and become less sensitive to some antibiotics by the dormant state with the limited metabolisms.     

An Overview on China''''s Refractories-Market and New Demands

1IntroductionTheworldrefractorycommunityhasseenthatChina ,withnoexaggeration ,isbecomingthebiggestproductionbaseofrefractoriesandamajormarketforrefractoriesintheworld ,thankstotheextraordinaryadvantagesinrawmaterialsresource ,laborcostandrapidgrowingeconomywhichputsagreatdynamiconthegrowthofrefractoryconsumingindustries .ItdeservestobeatopichowtotakefulluseoftheadvantagesandwinChina’smarket.Tohelpourcolleaguesabroadlearnmoreaboutthepre sentstatusofrefractoriesindustryinChina ,foreseeitspersp…     

Study on Sintered Synthetic Hercynite Clinker

Special grade bauxite and roll scale were used as raw materials to investigate the influences of reducing atmosphere and firing temperature on sintering clinker. The results showed that: 1) The mixture of the materials could be sintered enough to synthesise hercynite under reducing atmosphere by adding reducing reagent ; 2) The hercynite dinker could be sintered to high density and the content of FeAl2O4 may attain 80～90% under the firing tempera-ture of 1550℃.     

工厂燃煤烟气脱硫技术进展

控制燃煤硫减排的重要途径是对烟气中SO2进行脱除。综述了国内外现存的烟气脱硫技术,分别介绍了氧化法脱硫、化合法脱硫和复分解法脱硫的脱除原理,并对其优缺点进行了讨论。指出在选取脱硫技术时,应从技术可行性、安全性及经济性等多角度进行分析,要根据资源现状和技术用途合理选择脱除技术。未来对烟气燃煤脱硫技术仍具有很广泛的需求,需要开发新技术以应对排放标准不断提高的要求。     

腹腔镜诊治女性不孕症50例临床研究

目的对应用腹腔镜诊治女性不孕症进行临床研究。方法 2001年9月至2009年12月,本院对女性不孕症患者行腹腔镜检查及手术的患者50例。结果在我院女性不孕症患者中,发现盆腔异常者占95.55%。继发不孕和原发不孕患者的病因构成比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于药物治疗效果不佳的多囊卵巢患者来说,腹腔镜是一种有效的治疗方法。     

Effects of Technological Parameters on Carbothermal Reduction and Nitridation of Zircon

Carbothermal reduction and nitridation(CRN)of zircon(ZrSiO4)permits obtaining different composites of oxides and nitrides such as ZrO2-Si2N2O and ZrN-Si3N4.The effects of technological parameters(carbon source,reaction temperature,and carbon content)on the reaction rate and product phase composition of CRN of zircon were investigated by TGA and XRD.The results show that:(1)carbon source is an important factor for a rapid reaction,and activated carbon is chosen as the carbon source considering the expect pro...     

洛美沙星滴耳液治疗急性化脓性中耳炎的临床治疗观察

目的探讨洛美沙星滴耳液治疗急性化脓性中耳炎的临床治疗效果。方法回顾性分析我院自2007年12月至2010年6月收治的196例急性化脓性中耳炎患者,随机分为2组,治疗组98例,采用洛美沙星滴耳液治疗,对照组98例,采用氧氟沙星滴耳剂治疗,比较2组治疗效果。结果治疗组总有效率91.8%;对照组总有效率82.7%,治疗组总有效率明显大于对照组,有显著的统计学差异性(P<0.05);2组在局部用药过程中有38例(治疗组17例,对照组21例)发生耳刺痛、耳痒症状,全身用药有23例出现皮肤瘙痒、头晕、恶心、呕吐等症状,减少药物剂量后症状消失,所有患者均完成治疗,无一例出现严重不良反应和并发症。纯音测定显示,用药后无一例听力较用药前下降。结论洛美沙星滴耳剂可直接作用于病变部位,抗菌活性强,作用持久,具有高效、稳定、副作用小、安全等优点,是治疗急性化脓性中耳炎的有效药物,值得在临床中推广应用。     

中原乙烯的发展历程与展望

概述了中原乙烯建成投产以来的几个发展阶段和每个阶段采取的措施和工艺技术路线,并对现有生产烯烃的4种工艺路线的原料及经济技术指标进行了对比,最后提出了中原乙烯未来的发展思路。     

浅谈粉末静电喷涂中缩孔问题的产生与防治

介绍了粉末静电喷涂中涂层缩孔缺陷的影响,分别从质量控制五大要素分析了在粉末静电喷涂中缩孔问题产生的原因,并提出了喷涂缩孔问题的防治办法。