The 5'-untranslated region of the Oryza sativa alcohol dehydrogenase gene functions as a translational enhancer in monocotyledonous plant cells

The 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) functions as a translational enhancer in monocotyledonous plant cells is necessary to express a foreign gene efficiently. Here, we show that the 5'-UTR of the rice alcohol dehydrogenase gene contributes to efficient translation in not only dicotyledonous plant cells, but also in monocotyledonous rice cells.     

Molecular dynamics simulations for gas cluster ion beam processes

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of large argon clusters impacting on silicon targets were performed. The characteristics of crater formation, a typical collisional effect with large cluster impact were examined from the viewpoint of incident energy, cluster size and incident angle. The MD simulation results suggested that the condition where an incident cluster penetrates into the solid target and causes a crater is mainly dominated by the incident energy-per-atom rather than total incident energy of the cluster. Additionally, the MD simulations of sequential multiple cluster impacts and grazing-angle cluster irradiation on irregular surface structures were studied to characterize the surface modification effects with large cluster ion beam process.     

Study on Transonic Tone in an Axisymmetric Supersonic Nozzle

This paper describes experimental and numerical works to investigate noise phenomenon in supersonic flow dis- charged from a convergent-divergent nozzle. The noise phenomenon of flow is generated by an emission of ＇transonic tones＇. The results obtained show that the frequency of a transonic tone, that differs from the frequency of a screech tone due to the shock-cell structures in a jet and originates in the shock wave in the nozzle, increases in proportion to the nozzle pressure ratio. The high-order transonic tone has the directivity in the direction of the flow. As for the transonic tone＇s frequency, the separated zone was calculated by using a simple flow model con- sidering the propagating perturbation. The results of the model corresponded to the results of this experiment well.     

An experimental investigation of the breakup characteristics of secondary atomization of emulsified fuel droplet

In this study, the breakup characteristics of secondary atomization of an emulsified fuel droplet were investigated with a single droplet experiment. In the single droplet experiment, the emulsified fuel droplet suspended from a fine wire was inserted into an electric furnace, and then secondary atomization behavior was observed using a high-speed video camera. Moreover, a mathematical model to calculate the generated water vapor at micro-explosion was proposed by using the mass and energy conservation equations under some assumptions. In the proposed model, that can be calculated by using the inner droplet temperature history at micro-explosion. As a result, puffing and micro-explosion occurred even when the fine ceramics fiber was used. The proposed model showed that about 50–70 wt% of water in the emulsified fuel changed to water vapor instantaneously at the occurrence of micro-explosion. The mass of water necessary for micro-explosion was shown. The breakup time was closely related to the superheat temperature just before the occurrence of micro-explosion.     

Approximate evaluation of cell resistance with resistive electrodes

The resistance of a cell composed of a resistive anode and a conductive cathode has been theoretically calculated by solving the two-dimensional Laplace equation for the solution phase where the anode has an overpotential of a linear type. Conditions were evaluated under which the cell resistance could be obtained on the assumption that the direction of the current flowing in solution was perpendicular to the electrode. These were not strongly dependent on the ratio of the interelectrode distance to the height of the electrodes. The main parameters which determine the conditions were the Wagner number and the ratio of the electrode resistance to the solution resistance.     

High-Speed Packet Switching Systems for Multimedia Communications

High-speed packet switching (HPS) systems can Provide flexible, economical, high-quaiity services for integrated voice, video, and data communications. To realize such HPS systems, methods have been developed to bring about high-speed protocol processing as well as a system architecture for facilitating high-throughput switching. Adopting the parallel processing algorithm into protocol processing allows us to achieve high-speed packet protocol processing of about 100 times faster than conventional processing. Furthermore, a fully distributed system architecture in addition to hierarchical interconnection networks can achieve high-capacity packet switching systems. The proposed HPS system is thus capable of accommodating lines of up to 10-50 Mbits/s, of providing high-throughput switching capability of 1 000 000 packets/s, and of having an average delay of less than 2 ms. Furthermore, an evaluation of network delay performances of video conferencing and voice communications indicate that HPS systems are quite suitable for handling such multimedia communications.     

Dependence of relaxation oscillation frequency and damping K factor on the number of quantum wells in 1.55 mu m InGaAsP DFB lasers

The dependence of the relaxation oscillation frequency and damping K factor on the number of quantum wells is systematically investigated in 1.55 mu m MQW-DFB lasers. The experimental and theoretical results indicate that the optimum number of quantum wells to increase the intrinsic modulation bandwidth limited by these two factors is about ten.<>     

Treating bullous lung disease with Holmium YAG laser in conjunction with fibrin glue and DEXON mesh

The aim of the study was to answer the open questions concerning the development of the horse's testis. This study revealed that the seminiferous tubules originate from the sex cords of the coelomic epithelium and Leydig cells from the proximal part of mesonephric nephrons, whereas the rete and the ductuli efferentes derive from intermediate and distal parts of the mesonephric tubules. During the development the Leydig cells undergo an enormous proliferation due to the PMSG secretion in the mare. The proliferation of these cells prevent the deep penetration of the rete into the medulla and is therefore the reason for the reduced extension of the rete and mediastinum testis in the stallion, although 80% of these cells degenerate in the last third of pregnancy. The growth of the seminiferous tubules during sexual maturity reduces the rete to the extremitas capitata of the testis.