Resveratrol Butyrate Esters Inhibit BPA-Induced Liver Damage in Male Offspring Rats by Modulating Antioxidant Capacity and Gut Microbiota

Resveratrol can affect the physiology or biochemistry of offspring in the maternal–fetal animal model. However, it exhibits low bioavailability in humans and animals. Fifteen-week SD pregnant female rats were orally administered bisphenol A (BPA) and/or resveratrol butyrate ester (RBE), and the male offspring rats (n = 4–8 per group) were evaluated. The results show that RBE treatment (BPA + R30) compared with the BPA group can reduce the damage caused by BPA (p < 0.05). RBE enhanced the expression of selected genes and induced extramedullary hematopoiesis and mononuclear cell infiltration. RBE increased the abundance of S24-7 and Adlercreutzia in the intestines of the male offspring rats, as well as the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces. RBE also increased the antioxidant capacity of the liver by inducing Nrf2, promoting the expression of HO-1, SOD, and CAT. It also increased the concentration of intestinal SCFAs, enhancing the barrier formed by intestinal cells, thereby preventing BPA-induced metabolic disruption in the male offspring rats, and reduced liver inflammation. This study identified a potential mechanism underlying the protective effects of RBE against the liver damage caused by BPA exposure during the peri-pregnancy period, and the influence of the gut microbiota on the gut–liver axis in the offspring.     

Clozapine Worsens Glucose Intolerance,Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease,Kidney Damage,and Retinal Injury and Increases Renal Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Chromium Loss in Obese Mice

Clozapine is widely employed in the treatment of schizophrenia. Compared with that of atypical first-generation antipsychotics, atypical second-generation antipsychotics such as clozapine have less severe side effects and may positively affect obesity and blood glucose level. However, no systematic study of clozapine’s adverse metabolic effects—such as changes in kidney and liver function, body weight, glucose and triglyceride levels, and retinopathy—was conducted. This research investigated how clozapine affects weight, the bodily distribution of chromium, liver damage, fatty liver scores, glucose homeostasis, renal impairment, and retinopathy in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). We discovered that obese mice treated with clozapine gained more weight and had greater kidney, liver, and retroperitoneal and epididymal fat pad masses; higher daily food efficiency; higher serum or hepatic triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels; and higher hepatic lipid regulation marker expression than did the HFD-fed control mice. Furthermore, the clozapine group mice exhibited insulin resistance, poorer insulin sensitivity, greater glucose intolerance, and less Akt phosphorylation; their GLUT4 expression was lower, they had renal damage, more reactive oxygen species, and IL-1 expression, and, finally, their levels of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) were lower. Moreover, clozapine reduced the thickness of retinal cell layers and increased iNOS and NF-κB expression; a net negative chromium balance occurred because more chromium was excreted through urine, and this influenced chromium mobilization, which did not help overcome the hyperglycemia. Our clozapine group had considerably higher fatty liver scores, which was supported by the findings of lowered adiponectin protein levels and increased FASN protein, PNPLA3 protein, FABP4 mRNA, and SREBP1 mRNA levels. We conclude that clozapine can worsen nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and kidney and retinal injury. Therefore, long-term administration of clozapine warrants higher attention.     

The Antithrombotic Agent Pterostilbene Interferes with Integrin αIIbβ3-Mediated Inside-Out and Outside-In Signals in Human Platelets

Platelets play a crucial role in the physiology of primary hemostasis and pathological processes such as arterial thrombosis; thus, developing a therapeutic target that prevents platelet activation can reduce arterial thrombosis. Pterostilbene (PTE) has remarkable pharmacological activities, including anticancer and neuroprotection. Few studies have reported the effects of pterostilbene on platelet activation. Thus, we examined the inhibitory mechanisms of pterostilbene in human platelets and its role in vascular thrombosis prevention in mice. At low concentrations (2–8 μM), pterostilbene strongly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Furthermore, pterostilbene markedly diminished Lyn, Fyn, and Syk phosphorylation and hydroxyl radical formation stimulated by collagen. Moreover, PTE directly hindered integrin α_IIbβ₃ activation through interfering with PAC-1 binding stimulated by collagen. In addition, pterostilbene affected integrin α_IIbβ₃-mediated outside-in signaling, such as integrin β₃, Src, and FAK phosphorylation, and reduced the number of adherent platelets and the single platelet spreading area on immobilized fibrinogen as well as thrombin-stimulated fibrin clot retraction. Furthermore, pterostilbene substantially prolonged the occlusion time of thrombotic platelet plug formation in mice. This study demonstrated that pterostilbene exhibits a strong activity against platelet activation through the inhibition of integrin α_IIbβ₃-mediated inside-out and outside-in signaling, suggesting that pterostilbene can serve as a therapeutic agent for thromboembolic disorders.     

Association of TaD14-4D,a Gene Involved in Strigolactone Signaling,with Yield Contributing Traits in Wheat

Tillering is a crucial agronomic trait of wheat; it determines yield and plant architecture. Strigolactones (SLs) have been reported to inhibit plant branching. D14, a receptor of SLs, has been described to affect tillering in rice, yet it has seldomly been studied in wheat. In this study, three TaD14 homoeologous genes, TaD14-4A, TaD14-4B, and TaD14-4D, were identified. TaD14-4A, TaD14-4B, and TaD14-4D were constitutively expressed, and TaD14-4D had a higher expression level in most tissues. TaD14 proteins were localized in both cytoplasm and nucleus. An SNP and a 22 bp insertion/deletion (Indel) at the exon regions of TaD14-4D were detected, forming three haplotypes, namely 4D-HapI, 4D-HapII, and 4D-HapIII. Due to the frameshift mutation in the coding region of 4D-HapII, the interaction of 4D-HapII with TaMAX2 and TaD53 was blocked, which led to the blocking of SL signal transduction. Based on the two variation sites, two molecular markers, namely dCAPS-250 and Indel-747, were developed. Association analysis suggested that haplotypes of TaD14-4D were associated with effective tillering number (ETN) and thousand kernel weight (TKW) simultaneously in four environments. The favorable haplotype 4D-HapIII underwent positive selection in global wheat breeding. This study provides insights into understanding the function of natural variations of TaD14-4D and develops two useful molecular markers for wheat breeding.     

压力机用安全双联阀的研究及改进(一)

本文根据机械压力机相关安全标准,结合本公司原有机械压力机用安全双联阀产品的不足之处,对先导流道结构、动作时间离散度、浪涌吸收等进行了研究及改进,使其可靠性提高,安全性能等级提高到PLe/Cat4并符合相关安全标准。     

煤矸石和硅藻土对熔模石膏型性能的影响

向石膏中加入不同的耐火填料,在同一水膏比下,分别测试分析石膏浆料的流动性、凝结时间,石膏铸粉的湿强度、焙烧后的强度、线收缩率和显微组织。结果表明,煤矸石和硅藻土同时加入石膏粉中,焙烧后的石膏晶粒间搭接良好、紧密度高、铸型强度高。在煤矸石加入量为20%且硅藻土加入量为10%时,石膏浆料的流动直径为90mm,初凝时间为7min,终凝时间为17min,湿抗折强度为2.02MPa,抗压强度为2.3MPa,焙烧后的抗折强度为0.458MPa,抗压强度为1.07MPa,线收缩率为0.320%。     

碳纳米管对TC4钛合金激光焊焊缝成形和组织的影响

选取羟基化多壁碳纳米管作为表面活性剂对TC4钛合金进行活性CO2激光焊接,焊后测量并计算了焊缝的熔深、熔宽及深宽比,观察分析了焊缝显微组织,测定了接头硬度和焊缝的物相组成。结果表明：TC4钛合金表面涂覆质量分数为4%的碳纳米管溶液,形成的涂覆层均匀致密;在给定焊接参数条件下,该涂覆层可使焊缝熔深增加约6%,熔宽降低约4%,深宽比增加约10%;涂覆碳纳米管可以增加激光吸收率,使得焊缝温度升高、冷却速率增大,因而涂覆碳纳米管的焊缝β晶粒较细,晶内的α′相较未涂覆碳纳米管的短小;碳纳米管对焊缝硬度和焊缝的物相组成无明显影响。     

桶混助剂的研发应用与发展趋势

桶混助剂又称作喷雾助剂,是一种农药使用时与制剂产品搭配使用,现混现用的助剂.桶混助剂种类和功能多样,科学合理使用桶混助剂是实现农药减量增效,提高农药利用率的最有效手段之一.笔者对我国农药桶混助剂的开发、性能测试、质量控制和技术应用做了全面介绍,并对桶混助剂可能涉及的相关管理法规和未来发展趋势做了分析.这对于桶混助剂的开...     

现代镀覆技术第五部分──其他化学镀

介绍了化学镀银、锡、金、钯、铁、钴和钴镍合金的实用工艺.