磺酰肼类发泡剂的合成与应用研究进展

磺酰肼发泡剂因其无毒、无味、发泡量大,在塑料、橡胶等发泡材料加工过程中有着重要的作用,其合成与改性研究也因此受到人们的广泛关注。本文对苯磺酰肼、对甲基苯磺酰肼、双苯磺酰肼等磺酰肼类发泡剂的合成方法及应用进行了评述,讨论了不同发泡剂合成工艺路线的优缺点,并对适合工业化生产的工艺路线进行了对比分析。     

双酵母发酵膨化秸秆酶解液产乙醇研究

为了提高玉米秸秆的酶解率,对玉米秸秆进行膨化预处理,以乙醇质量浓度为影响值设计实验,研究时间、含氮量、温度、酵母比例四因素对发酵过程的影响。通过单因素试验及正交试验确定了双酵母发酵的最佳试验条件为48 h、含氮质量分数0.25%、33℃、酿酒酵母与毕赤酵母体积比3∶7,乙醇质量浓度可达10.2 g/L。本试验为秸秆乙醇的产业化生产提供技术依据。     

Re‐exploration of the Codon Context Effect on Amber Codon‐Guided Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids in Escherichia coli by the Blue–White Screening Assay

The effect of codon context on amber codon‐guided incorporation of noncanonical amino acids (NAAs) has been previously examined by antibiotic selection. Here, we re‐explored this effect by screening a library in which three nucleotides upstream and downstream of the amber codon were randomised, and inserted within the lacZ‐α gene. Thousands of clones were obtained and distinguished by the depth of blue colour upon exposure to X‐gal. Large‐scale sequencing revealed remarkable preferences in nucleotides downstream of the amber codon, and moderate preferences for upstream nucleotides. Nucleotide preference was quantified by a dual‐luciferase assay, which verified that the optimum context for NAA incorporation, AATTAGACT, was applicable to different proteins. Our work provides a general guide for engineering amber codons into genes of interest in bacteria.     

Preparation of Organic/Inorganic Composite Phenolic Resin and Application in Al2O3‐C Refractories

An organic/inorganic composite phenolic resin (CPR) was synthesized via silicon particles in situ composite with water‐soluble lignin–phenolic resin. It was observed that silicon particles were uniformly dispersed in the organic matrix. The oxidation activation energies of the pyrolytic products from CPR and commercial phenol formaldehyde resin (PF) were calculated as 173.3 kJ/mol and 102.4 kJ/mol, respectively, by nonisothermal kinetics method. Dumbbell‐shaped silicon carbide nanowires were formed on the surface of the pyrolytic carbon from CPR at high temperature. The oxidation resistance and mechanical properties of the Al₂O₃‐C refractories bonded with CPR were improved.     

Efficient Synthesis of Octacosanol Linoleate Catalyzed by Ionic Liquid and Its Structure Characterization

Octacosanol, as the major active policosanol, has attracted much attention due to the potential beneficial effects for human health. However, free octacosanol has a high melting point, poor oil solubility and low bioavailability, which greatly restricts its practical application. In this study, we report a highly efficient method for an ionic liquids (IL)‐catalyzed synthesis of octacosanol ester by direct esterification with linoleic acid. The synthesized product was purified, subsequently characterized by FT‐IR, MS and NMR and finally confirmed to be octacosanol linoleate. The reaction parameters were investigated and the conversion reached 91.3 ± 4.8 % under the optimum conditions: IL 1‐butylsulfonate‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([BSO₃HMim][HSO₄]) as catalyst, IL dose 1.5 % (related to the mass of both reactants), 1:1 molar ratio of octacosanol to linoleic acid, 80 °C, and 1 h. The melting point and oil solubility of octacosanol were greatly improved by esterification with linoleic acid, facilitating the incorporation into a variety of oil‐based systems.     

(Ni-W-P)-SiC复合镀层的脉冲电沉积及其耐蚀性

研究了(Ni—W—P)—SiC复合镀层的脉冲电沉积工艺及耐蚀性。结果表明：(Ni—W—P)—SiC复合镀层的脉冲电沉积速率比直流电沉积大,脉冲镀层的耐蚀性优于直流镀层和1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢;脉冲频率和占空比对镀层的沉积速率、镀层成分以及镀层的耐蚀性都有较大的影响。     

Generation of hydrogen under visible light irradiation with enhanced photocatalytic activity of Bi2WO6/Cu1.8Se for organic pollutants under Vis‐NIR light reign

To make better use of solar light, a new Bi₂WO₆/Cu_1.8Se photocatalyst active to visible and near‐infrared light has been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The composites were characterized by X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and photoluminescene (PL). The photocatalytic activities of Bi₂WO₆/Cu_1.8Se are evaluated by degrading Congo red solution and hydrogen generation from water. It was found that the molar percentage of Cu_1.8Se had great effects on the morphology and photocatalytic property of the Bi₂WO₆/Cu_1.8Se heterojunctions, and the composite with suitable molar amount of Cu_1.8Se exhibits much enhanced photocatalytic activity for Congo red degradation under visible and near‐infrared light irradiation and for hydrogen generation under visible light compared to Bi₂WO₆. The significant improvement photocatalytic activity of the composite could be attributed to its good light absorption, suitable band gap structure, and effective separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs of Bi₂WO₆/Cu_1.8Se heterojunction. This work presents an efficient multifunction photocatalyst owning the activity both for water splitting under visible light and for organic contaminants decomposition under visible‐near‐infrared light.     

Ligand‐Assisted Palladium(II)/(IV) Oxidation for sp3 C?H Fluorination

The direct functionalization of inert sp³ C H bonds is limited to a few bond types. Although the activation of sp³ C H bonds can be accomplished under mild conditions using palladium catalysts, the subsequent functionalization is not trivial due to the high energy required to convert palladium(II) to palladium(IV). We have systematically studied the palladium oxidation using computation‐guided experiments for reactions involving strong chelation control. We find that a mild external ligand could significantly accelerate the oxidation of palladium(II) to palladium(IV) for strong bidentate directing groups. The acceleration is believed to be a result of ligand stabilization of both the palladium(II) and palladium(IV) intermediates.

     

Designing Dual Transglutaminase 2/Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Effective at Halting Neuronal Death

In recent years there has been a clear consensus that neurodegenerative conditions can be better treated through concurrent modulation of different targets. Herein we report that combined inhibition of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) synergistically protects against toxic stimuli mediated by glutamate. Based on these findings, we designed and synthesized a series of novel dual TG2–HDAC binding agents. Compound 3 [(E)‐N‐hydroxy‐5‐(3‐(4‐(3‐oxo‐3‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)prop‐1‐en‐1‐yl)phenyl)thioureido)pentanamide] emerged as the most interesting of the series, being able to inhibit TG2 and HDACs both in vitro (TG2 IC₅₀=13.3±1.5 μm , HDAC1 IC₅₀=3.38±0.14 μm , HDAC6 IC₅₀=4.10±0.13 μm ) and in cell‐based assays. Furthermore, compound 3 does not exert any toxic effects in cortical neurons up to 50 μm and protects neurons against toxic insults induced by glutamate (5 mm ) with an EC₅₀ value of 3.7±0.5 μm .     

从专利分析角度探讨如何提高 我国本土牙膏企业的竞争力

以牙膏的中国专利申请数据作为分析样本,对申请量趋势、技术主题分布、申请人情况等进行分析,同时对重点申请人的技术主题分布、全球专利布局等进行着重分析,以期对我国本土牙膏企业提高竞争力以及进军海外市场提供参考。